tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1015571563658228182024-03-12T16:37:40.330-07:00Writing a research paper proposalOcean Essay Topicsrascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.comBlogger54125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-82151204669576318452020-09-02T08:17:00.001-07:002020-09-02T08:17:08.632-07:00Berlesques vs Coyote Ugly Essay Example for FreeBerlesques versus Coyote Ugly Essay Does it ever feel like itââ¬â¢s so difficult to get what you need? Coyote Ugly and Burlesques are two fundamentally the same as motion pictures. Both of these films show how hard individuals need to function to get what they need. It is savvy to consistently propel yourself and demonstrate to yourself that you can do what your fantasies are made of. At the point when we are close to nothing and had dreams of what we needed to work out when we get more established, and as we get more seasoned our fantasies may have changed, yet the fantasies that may have changed are the fantasies we battle the hardest to make materialize. We have to never abandon attempting to make our fantasies work out as expected. In the film Coyote Ugly a young lady named Violet was from a modest community in New Jersey. Violet needed to sing her own tunes however was hesitant to, yet she moved to New York City to seek after her fantasies, of being a musician and having another person sing her melodies. Vaudeville is about a young lady named Ali who needed to perform in front of an audience, yet couldnââ¬â¢t in the humble community Iowa where she was from. Ali moved to the huge city of Los Angeles to make her fantasies materialize. At the point when both Ali and Violet were attempting to seek after their fantasies, Ali and Violet ran into issues getting the notable individuals to remember them. Getting large record organizations or proprietors of spots to tune in to the young ladies was disappointing them, however they continued difficult and never surrendered. Ali and Violet need to substantiate themselves that they are sufficient, to show these individuals that they are skilled and can would what they like to do. Ali and Violet were experiencing difficulty substantiating themselves there were things that made it progressively troublesome and trying for them also. The young ladies Violet and Aliââ¬â¢s lofts were broken into with every one of their things dispersed everywhere and all their cash they had set aside and covered up in their condo was taken from them. En route of their excursion, they got to know a few people and they in the long run discovered somebody to assist them with traversing a portion of their tough situations and get them in a good place again. At last they were then ready to concentrate on attempting to get tryouts and get a new line of work that the two of them needed and expected to get. Battling for tryouts and searching for work were more battles that they needed to manage and furthermore attempting to get somebody to really tune in to what they brought to the table. In the wake of getting destitute from attempting to substantiate themselves and getting looted, at that point searching for somewhere else to remain they needed to search for work. When they found somewhere else that they could remain at they at last got a new line of work they could in the long run work at. Subsequent to getting a new line of work that the two of them required and needed, them two got denied to carry out the responsibility they proposed on getting, the proprietors didnââ¬â¢t think they were sufficient. The two young ladies in the long run demonstrated that they can carry out the responsibility they were required for they landed that position that they attempted to get, one found a new line of work at the dance club in Los Angeles and the other got one at the bar in New York City. At the point when they originally began the activity they had a couple of different young ladies that they worked with dislike them and attempted to cause them to fall flat. The proprietors didnââ¬â¢t feel that they could do what the young ladies said they could do. The young ladies both got renewed opportunities to substantiate themselves and the two of them did. One substantiated herself and turned into a reinforcement artist and the other one substantiated herself and turned into a barkeep. When the young ladies had their supervisors truly acknowledge them their collaborates didnââ¬â¢t like them and needed them to come up short. Sooner or later they began to see that they were acceptable individuals and extremely skilled and those individuals that attempted to cause them to come up short were simply desirous. At long last subsequent to battling for tryouts and searching for a vocation they got what they needed and required. Despite the fact that their primary dream was to sing and perform they were one bit nearer to accomplishing that theirs had always wanted. The young ladies both became vocalists and performed like they needed to. In Burlesque the young lady Ali had a colleague that attempted to make Ali look awful, so she needed to begin singing with the goal that nobody would get up and leave, the spot would get sold on the off chance that they didnââ¬â¢t bring in the cash. The proprietor was so intrigued and made her the superstar thus the young lady Ali began singing tunes and performed by moving also, at the club. At the point when she began to play out each night she was pulling in more individuals to the club and making the club the cash that it expected to remain open, despite the fact that, she could make the sum that she required she made sense of an approach to get the cash so it wouldnââ¬â¢t close down. In Coyote Ugly the young lady Violet began to sing tunes to stop a battle between a portion of the costumers drinking at the bar and gaining out of power. After that night everybody would come to see her and her manager made them sing each night, and she turned into the headliner every night and was capable sing tunes that were not her own, however she felt agreeable enough to sing and perform at the bar. After all the battling and the difficult situations the two of them they had always wanted at last worked out and in the wake of all that the two of them experienced passionate feelings for somebody that helped them through their tough situations and battles. All in all the young ladies Ali and violet attempted their hardest to do what they expected to do to get what they longed for. After all the young ladies experienced they demonstrated that they can do anything they desired and expected to accomplish for themselves to make their fantasies work out as expected. Regardless of what life tosses at you, simply continue pushing through the battles and you will get what you need, never surrender. We know all that could transpire when we attempt to seek after our fantasies. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-73808660799614691632020-08-22T15:03:00.001-07:002020-08-22T15:03:31.185-07:00Evaluation on Companiesââ¬â¢ Social Accounting Free Essaysstring(108) center around dissecting the selection of the ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠standards and their agreement to the worldwide standards. Assessment on companiesââ¬â¢ social bookkeeping Executive synopsis This report clarifies the idea of ââ¬Å"social accountingâ⬠and dissects the execution of social bookkeeping in the two organizations Corning fused and AM-PM Glass Company. The investigation depends on the ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠standards of social bookkeeping and the understanding to the worldwide guidelines. What's more, the examination shows that Corningââ¬â¢s maintainability has a superior comprehension and thought about the prerequisite of social bookkeeping and it makes its own assessment framework dependent on ISO 14001, and develop a progression of guidelines, however the principles of EMS can not coordinate with GRI on the fulfillment and solidness. We will compose a custom article test on Assessment on Companiesââ¬â¢ Social Accounting or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now AM-PM starts well in the rehearsing of social bookkeeping. However, it isn't that simple to do well in all parts of the social bookkeeping, so it has just viewed as four ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠standards. While AM-PM takes both AA1000 and GRI as the assessment principles to evaluate its presentation, and got clear and deliberate report results and great reference to its improvement later on. Substance Evaluation on companiesââ¬â¢ social accounting1 1. Introduction3 2. Definition and clarification of the idea of Social Accounting3 2. 1 Definition and advancement of concept3 2. 2 Reasons for delivering social accounting4 2. Standards of ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠and worldwide standards5 3. Basic assessment on nature of social bookkeeping of two glass companies5 3. 1 Corning Incorporated6 3. 2 AM-PM Glass Mirror Company8 4. Conclusion10 Reference12 1. Presentation Social bookkeeping is a deliberate procedure that associations use to represent their ecological and social effects. There are the two advantages and disadvantages explaining why associations choose to draw in with this idea of social bookkeeping. The motivation behind the report is to assess the two glass organizations Corning and AM-PMââ¬â¢s social bookkeeping as indicated by the ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠standards and worldwide guidelines of social bookkeeping. 2. Definition and clarification of the idea of Social Accounting 2. 1 Definition and improvement of idea Social bookkeeping alludes to the procedure managing authoritative evaluation and correspondence of its effects and exercises on applicable issues identified with morals, society and the earth with their proper partners (Yanovsky, 2006). It plans to address companiesââ¬â¢ social and natural effects. Social bookkeeping is otherwise called social and ecological bookkeeping, corporate social obligation revealing, or manageability bookkeeping, and distinctive individual organizations as a rule give various titles, as in Corning, it is called corporate social duty report, and in AM-PM Glass Mirror, it is called maintainability report. The idea of social bookkeeping has got more than 40 yearsââ¬â¢ improvement. Abt Associates is among the soonest social bookkeeping professionals, its social concerns included commitment to information, condition, etc, yet there is no particular definition for social bookkeeping. In 1980s, the short book ââ¬Å"Social Audit-A Management Tool for Co-employable Workingâ⬠is the premise of the early private segment companiesââ¬â¢ social obligation revealing (Spreckley, 1981), and ââ¬Å"Social duty reportingâ⬠is the early relative conventional idea. What's more, in this book, an interior hierarchical social bookkeeping and review model are intended to quantify individual companiesââ¬â¢ social and natural execution. What's more, with the advancement of economy and society, the idea of social bookkeeping likewise gets to an expansive and profound space, which incorporates the assessment about each part of companiesââ¬â¢ social and natural effects (Rohinson, 2001; Schwartz and Carroll, 2003). 2. 2 Reasons for delivering social bookkeeping The reasons that individual organizations create social bookkeeping and related reports are as per the following. On the negative perspective, employeesââ¬â¢ interior weights in their inclination of needing to report the natural and social effects of the organization (Crane and Matten, 2007) can make organizations practice the social bookkeeping; and outer powers by government offices, non-administrative associations, purchasers or financial specialists as they look for the organization to reveal its effects of social bookkeeping can likewise prompt the social bookkeeping. On the positive viewpoint, social bookkeeping can enable individual organizations to recognize and use open doors for cost adequacy, presentation of beneficial eco-accommodating items and administrations, vitality sparing and natural assurance (Defourny and Thorbecke, 1984). Additionally, both present and future worries of partners admonish organizations about any conceivable zone of contention. Yanovsky (2006) further guaranteed that organizations become mindful of the likely hazard factors that are equipped for influencing their business activities, which bear the cost of the opportunity for organizations to set up the method for dealing with stress. . 3 Principles of ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠and worldwide gauges ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠accounts must accord a progression of standards. As a rule, decent standards of social bookkeeping must be comprehensive, including exchange with partners; to be finished, featuring the key regions of the individual companyââ¬â¢s exercises; to be implanted inside the association; to be similar, experience outside confirmation, and give space for nonstop enhancements. These standards should take the two organizations own administration rehearses and the presentation estimations examination with different organizations into thought (Montgomery and Porter, 1991). Such standards must be fused inside the authoritative structure, be checked by outside inspectors and be looked into on customary premise all together comparable to the objectives of its exhibition and financially savvy business openings. There are some worldwide principles that are accessible for companiesââ¬â¢ social and ecological reports. For instance, Social Accountability International created SA8000, and it gives work environment issues gauges; AccountAblility built up the AA1000S Assurance Standard; The SAN system, which is reasonable for third-part associations; ISO1400, which are arrangement of worldwide norms that manage issues identified with natural administration (Porter, et. al. 2009) and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which is one of the most polished norms over the globe and is in its third era group (G3). 3. Basic assessment on nature of social bookkeeping of two glass organizations This report gives a basic assessment of two contextual investigations of how the associations have utilized social bookkeeping idea. The Corning Glass and AM-PM Glass Mirror Company will be utilized as instances of organizations which have completely placed into thought the social bookkeeping idea. It is an impression of authoritative qualities and proof based activities they attempt towards demonstrating worry to their partners in managing these issues. The assessment about the two organizations is basically center around investigating the selection of the ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠standards and their agreement to the worldwide gauges. You read Assessment on Companiesââ¬â¢ Social Accounting in classification Paper models 3. 1 Corning Incorporated Corning is a global organization which has around 160 yearsââ¬â¢ history. Corning is among the best social obligations professionals. The history rehearsing social duties started before World War One. The executive James Houghton spread out Corningââ¬â¢s seven Corporate Values: Quality, Integrity, Performance, Leadership, Independence, Innovation, and the Individual. Corningââ¬â¢s techniques depend on the properties of cooperation, hazard taking, and long haul thinking, etc. As per Corningââ¬â¢s technique and worth framework, the best type of corporate social duty is equivalent to ââ¬Å"simple great businessâ⬠or ââ¬Å"enlightened self-interestâ⬠and the great business is developed by a progression of good practices incorporating consistent association with clients, nearby networks and government. The social bookkeeping in Corning is named manageability report. 3. 1. 1 The reception of ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠standards To begin with, Corning accentuates the consideration and taking care of its significant partners, particularly the consideration and taking care of for its clients and representatives, as per Houghtonââ¬â¢s discourse in 2004ââ¬â¢s organization procedure gathering. Corning obviously complies with its seven qualities and takes a lot of partners into thought. It puts consideration regarding work, ladies and minorities. Since 1970s, Corning started put forth attempts to worker ladies and minorities (Graham, 2010). Second, Corning has total thought on social bookkeeping, and features effects of the companyââ¬â¢s delivering exercises to the general public and condition. Corning put thoughtfulness regarding working conditions, items wellbeing and viability, and the earth. As indicated by Corningââ¬â¢s maintainability report, the focal components of the companiesââ¬â¢ activity greatness are insurance wellbeing, wellbeing and condition (Graham, 2010). In particular, so as to secure the air, Corning produces earthenware substrates for exhaust systems and attempts to taking out perilous concoction materials. Third, Corning has a persistently improvement in rehearsing the social obligation. Since 1970 to now, Corning reliably demonstrates its consideration to its partners and the earth. The ongoing maintainability report is additionally planed for an extensive stretch, and structures a finished natural insurance framework, which is including crucial, procedure and explicit activity plans. In procedure of the vitality rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-45866623205834813082020-08-21T12:45:00.001-07:002020-08-21T12:45:34.718-07:00Nursing Process of TransurethralNursing Process of Transurethral Presentation Its said one knows not what he has until it is gone, This basic axiom can be applied to the procedures associated with Transurethral resection of the prostate( TURP). TURP is done to treat or mitigate growth of the prostate organ (kind prostatic hyperplasia) (mayoclinic.com, 1). The prostate is arranged close to the urinary bladder in a grown-up male. At the point when an individual pees, pee streams from the bladder, through the prostate organ, at that point the urethra which is encased inside the penile shaft, prompting the goal. At the point when this procedure is intruded, for this situation by a developed prostate organ shutting the exit out of the bladder; it can cause different urinary tract side effects. These manifestations can fluctuate from trouble peeing, to urinary direness, nocturia, oliguria, urinary maintenance and others. In the event that these side effects are extraordinary, a TURP strategy is suggested by the doctor as a negligibly intrusive technique for mitigati ng them Nursing Process of Transurethral Resection of the prostate Its said one knows not what he has until it is gone, This normal maxim can be applied to the procedures associated with Transurethral resection of the prostate( TURP). TURP is done to treat or reduce amplification of the prostate organ (amiable prostatic hyperplasia) (mayoclinic.com, 1). The prostate is arranged close to the urinary bladder in a grown-up male. At the point when an individual pees, pee streams from the bladder, through the prostate organ, at that point the urethra which is encased inside the penile shaft, prompting the goal. At the point when this procedure is interfered, for this situation by an amplified prostate organ shutting the exit out of the bladder; it can cause different urinary tract indications. These side effects can fluctuate from trouble peeing, to urinary direness, nocturia, oliguria, urinary maintenance and others. On the off chance that these side effects are exceptional, a TURP strategy is suggested by the doctor as a negligibly intrusive technique for easing them. One doesn't consider what it involves to really have the option to get the desire to pee and do as such effortlessly. The joy of this practically programmed process has been detracted from customers with favorable prostatic hyperplasia, prompting the requirement for a TURP. This clarifies the ideas of not recognizing what one has till its gone or seriously made tricky. A medical caretaker becomes an integral factor in this procedure by utilizing the nursing procedure of appraisal, nursing conclusion, objectives, mediation and assessment to deal with the customer through the whole course of treatment. That is the attendant follows the patient from preoperative to Post usable while perseveringly giving consideration and educating. Forestalling difficulties of TURP post operatively is a significant piece of the technique, as this decides the achievement of such system. In reference to difficulty after TURP, Weaver 2001 expressed that avoidance must beginning some time before the patient is conceded into the emergency clinic (p. 1). The medical attendant needs to inquire as to whether the patient as of late took Coumadin, Aspirin or any NSAIDs barely any days prior to the methodology. These medications influences blood coagulation and they should have being halted a few days back before to forestall drain. Weaver further clarified that Coumadin ought to be ceased 3-7 days before TURP and patient must have quit taking Aspirin for in any event 10 days prior (p. 1). During postoperative consideration, the medical attendant needs to survey the patients inhabiting catheter for patency ceaselessly. The substance of the sack should likewise be checked. This is on the grounds that an adjustment in the pee shading and consistency is the primary sign to dynamic bleeding.(Weaver 2001, p. 2) The patients essential signs should be checked at ordinary interims to identify any progressions which could be identified with draining and contamination. Specific consideration need to put on the patients research facility esteems in light of the fact that a low white platelet tally could likewise give indication for disease. The patients information and yield should likewise be evaluated because of the constant bladder water system (CBI). After the evacuation of the catheter, the attendant ought to evaluate the patients pee and disclose to the patient that some shivering or copying may be felt and this is typical. Gilhurst (2006) takes note of that TURP is utilized for roughly 90% of prostate medical procedure and that it is viewed as the highest quality level'. Despite the fact that TURP is such an excellent methodology, it isn't without its dangers. Medical attendants need to analyze rapidly to forestall further difficulties or mortality in patients. With this intrusive methodology, alongside catherization, patients are at high hazard for disease. Liquid volume imperfection, because of drain, is another significant analysis of concern. Patients doing this method would generally display upset self-perception and information shortage, in spite of the fact that this fluctuates by person. The normal objectives for TURP are that the patient would not encounter TURP disorder, the patient would not display indications of discharge, the catheters patency would be kept up without confusion, the patient would verbalizes a comprehension of the strategy and its attractive/bothersome impact. The medical attendant ought to guarantee that the patient gets careful release instructing. As per Ng (2004) constant bladder water system (CBI) is a built up strategy intended to forestall the development and maintenance of blood clusters following transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). (p . 97). This nonstop water system is built up by the utilization of a three-way Foley catheter. The medical attendant is liable for the administration of the Foley catheters patency. To guarantee that patency is kept up, nonstop evaluation and early identification is executed. It is the medical attendants obligation to survey the saline water systems tallness, volume remaining, and liquid level in the trickle chamber. An evaluation of the waste sack for the sum, consistency and the shade of the seepage is a vital intercession in guaranteeing productivity of the system and in making aware of the improvement of any difficulties. Ng 2004 recorded a couple of different mediations in the keeping up of catheter patency which incorporate survey for wrinkling, footing, and spillage; change the cinches to guarantee ceaseless stream rate; and consistently check liquid equalization/bladder water system. (p . 98). After an intensive evaluation, if blockage is suspected the medical caretaker is to mediate. As expressed by Ng 2004 to unblock the catheter the medical caretakers mediation ought to be to, console the patient and clarify the technique, turn off the bladder water system framework; milk the tubing; watch waste; and survey for a lessening in the patients level of inconvenience. (p . 101). The most widely recognized complexity after TURP is drain, in light of this the nursing mediations ought to incorporate checking the patients crucial sign observing like clockwork (Wasson 2004, p . 5). The shading and consistency of the pee ought to likewise be checked at two hours interim. Train the patient to stay level or at a slight grade promptly post-operatively, in light of the fact that sitting may build venous and bladder pressure causing dying, (Wasson 2004, p . 5). While in the clinic, the medical attendant ought to educate the doctor if there is an expansion in the pace of dying, and of any uncommon change in crucial signs. Hypovolemia is a hazard factor of broad draining and the medical caretaker ought to be set up to mediate with substitutions of intravenous liquids and blood items. As indicated by Wasson 2004, the medical caretaker ought to educate the patient to drink in any event 12 glasses of water for every day and to evade the utilization of liquor, jazzed refresh ments, and hot nourishments that may over-animate the bladder (p . 5). Another genuine TURP related complexity is known as TURP condition (Wasson 2004, p. 4). TURP disorder is portrayed to be an anomalous vascular retention of inundating liquid during medical procedure which causes extreme dilutional hyponatemia and hypervolemia (Wasson 2004, p . 4). Nursing mediations planned for forestalling TURP disorder incorporate cautious evaluation of its side effects which incorporate; bradycardia, disarray, full holding beats, emotional increment in circulatory strain, tachypnea, and impermanent visual impairment. Release instructing is significant in verifying that TURP is proficient in settling the patients condition. The patient ought to be educated to keep a log with respect to voiding and record the volume of pee, its attributes, and the recurrence. Exhausting exercises, for example, climbing steps ought to be abstained from during the initial barely any weeks after release. The patient ought to likewise be urged to rest normally for roughly two to about a month and a half; this advances recuperating of the careful site. Movement limitations that empowers recuperating additionally incorporates, evasion of lifting things weighing more than five pounds, shirking of over the top physical effort, and long strolls. End The patient ought to be educated by the medical attendant to inform the doctor, if draining happens and doesn't stop inside one hour of treatment. A high fiber diet is energized during release training making a point to underline that his forestalls stoppage. Likewise exhaustive perineal cleanliness ought to be focused and the patient ought to be encouraged that it decreases the hazard for disease. Patients ought to be encouraged to take anti-microbials and some other medicine as recommended by the doctor. Educating kegal practices is another significant nursing mediation as it fortifies the pelvic floor muscles. After the intercession, the medical caretaker will do an assessment so as to see whether the objective has been accomplished and to check whether the patient is advancing as arranged. The medical attendant ought to reevaluate the patient to guarantee that the individual in question didn't encounter TURP disorder, discharge and some other confusions recently referenced. The viability of the patient instructing ought to be rethought, the more educated the patient is about strides to be taken, the more prominent the likelihood that the patient will agree. This may help the patient in taking legitimate consideration of themselves after release and furthermore forestall inconveniences. Along these lines, nursing mediation consistently help rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-81524106599011821282020-05-26T21:34:00.001-07:002020-05-26T21:34:03.814-07:00The Importance of Middle Grades Essay SamplesThe Importance of Middle Grades Essay SamplesIn today's world of technology and education, the importance of reading works of literature cannot be stressed enough. Middle grades English essay samples give the writer insight into the structure of these popular stories. Even those who have never read a novel can often pick up on certain aspects of the work that will be important to them in writing their own. Whether a person has a background in poetry or history, they can use these Middle grades English essay samples to gain a deeper understanding of the words of their favorite books.There are several aspects of Middle grades that one may wish to take into consideration when writing an essay. Some may wish to write from the perspective of their favorite author. Others may wish to approach a book from a different perspective, such as discussing themes within the story and how they might relate to them.Middle grades essays often deal with themes that are generally applied in many parts o f the world. For example, subjects such as race, gender, and class can have multiple ways of being expressed. Reading through Middle grades English essay samples gives the reader a good starting point to take into account.Middle grades novels deal with topics such as morality, war, political ideologies, and society in general. This is why Middle grades essays and reviews often deal with these themes. The story itself helps to teach lessons that will benefit the writer as they continue on in their studies.By applying these same themes to Middle grades novels, authors such as E.M. Cummings and Charles Dickens are able to communicate what it means to be a character. Readers are able to learn more about the personality and struggles of characters, as well as how readers can identify with the characters themselves.As with Middle grades novels, Middle grades essays also discuss the struggles and morality of characters, as well as what they stand for. This should be taken into consideratio n when writing Middle grades English essay samples. Readers may find themselves drawn to the concept of the character, but they may also find themselves drawn toward how they see the character themselves. Understanding this will help to develop the writing of a Middle grades essay.Middle grades literature is a valuable resource when composing an essay. Reading through Middle grades essay samples can assist those who wish to apply these important concepts to their own writings. While there are many resources available to those interested in learning about how to create a quality essay, Middle grades writing can be an excellent way to get started. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-41658149668981523022020-05-16T05:59:00.001-07:002020-05-16T05:59:10.326-07:00The Abolition Of A Person Through The Court System Essay As America abolish slavery after the civil war, and thousands of African Americans were free to live lives without the fear of slavery or undue punishment not all things turned out the way one could have hoped for. Followed revisions of the 13-15th Amendments to the Constitution, provided the use of exclusion through the criminalization of a person through the court system. However such rights as described in the 13th amendment provides a claw allowing for racial divisions to persist in the country. Such loop holes in the Constitution reduced freedoms by convictions through the legal system. As described in the George Ritzers piece describing McDonaldization of mass plea bargains contributing to the increase removal of a personââ¬â¢s rights and exclusion from aid otherwise qualify for. Such loss of freedoms through court sanctioned violations in America caused a national reflection of American policies targeting black and brown people up to 70% more than whites. Reflecting on th e destruction of this clause in the 13th Amendment weââ¬â¢ll evaluate why it was put in and what this loop hole allowed the country to maintain. Through the work Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow in 2010 continue evaluates the relationship of vilifying or the creation of other-ing in order to maintain justification for targeting black and brown bodies, as Denis Childs describes it as, ââ¬Å"Natural born Criminals.â⬠A level of state terror described by Childs through the US of mass incarnation in order toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Death Penalty - Herrera vs Collins1337 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of executing someone who claimed actual innocence in Herrera v. Collins (506 U.S. 390 (1993)). Although the Court left open the possibility that the Constitution bars the execution of someone who conclusively demonstrates that he or she is actually innocent, the Court noted that such cases would be very rare. 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Another view came from a former slave Frederick Douglas who was a leading abolitionist. For this paper, I will be comparing a document from FrederickRead MoreAbolition of The Death Penalty Essay1051 Words à |à 5 PagesAs Americans we live in a modern republic under a government constructed to secure the rights of the people. Todayââ¬â¢s government and judicial systems were forged by our founding fathers as they fought to est ablish a government free from tyranny and brutality and thereby forming a constitution based on civil liberties. Our country has grown and matured through the centuries and in effect has made changes and alterations as innovations and advancements have deemed necessary. One area where we seem toRead MoreCapital Punishment, Or Penalty Of Death1329 Words à |à 6 Pagessevere sentence handed down by courts to convicted criminals for crimes which they have committed; yet, there is no conclusive evidence that capital punishment stops crime. It should be considered cruel and inhumane to end a life this way. Innocent people have been put to death by our judicial system, and even the mentally ill have been sentenced to death. It doesnââ¬â¢t make sense to take a life because they took a life. It sounds a lot like revenge. The person who takes the criminalââ¬â¢s lifeRead MoreRoe V. Wade: The Issue of Abortion1259 Words à |à 6 Pagesabortion debate started in the middle of the 1800ââ¬â¢s. However, the issue came to a head in 1973 with the Supreme Court ruling of Roe v. Wade which legalized abortion and the fight has been ongoing ever since. This paper aims to show how the Roe V Wade court case came about and the resulting arguments for and against abortion that ensued. Norma McCorvey was a young impressionable person who did not have the best of circumstances with regards to her upbringing as well as her early adult life. She hadRead MoreJuvenile Prison Is the Best Way of Reforming Essay1342 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Juvenile System has been around for a long time. The primary reason behind separating Juvenile from adult criminals is quite simple; the judicial system believes that the children are less culpable for their irresponsive behavior and they could easily be reformed as compared to adult offenders. The crucial role of the judicial system is to critically investigate, diagnose, and recommend treatments for the Juveniles rather than accrediting them. However, because of the increasing number of juvenile rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-87949588303990839282020-05-06T17:31:00.001-07:002020-05-06T17:31:25.974-07:00Sexual Education And Sex Ed - 1697 Words Sexual education (sex ed) in public schools has long been a controversial and debated topic in society. There are several questions when it comes to approaching sex ed in schools. These questions include: appropriate age for introducing sex ed; should sex ed be mandatory or optional; and whether sex ed programs should be comprehensive or abstinence-based. Sex ed is a necessary subject to teach in schools. It should be appropriate to the grade level and taught in a knowledgeable, unbiased manner. Comprehensive sex ed should include teaching students about abstinence, prevention techniques, and should place an emphasis on helping students to acquire decision-making skills when it comes to sexual activity. Sex ed can be a very useful andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It is difficult to know at what age sex ed should be administered. It all depends on the physical, emotional, and mental development of the child. Some argue that introducing sex ed at such a young age will encourage young kids to experiment and act on their curiosity. However, According to 48 studies of comprehensive sex and STD/HIV education programs in US schools; there was found to be strong evidence that such programs did not increase sexual activity. Some of them reduced sexual activity, or increased rates of condom use or other contraceptives, or both (Forrest Kannabus, 2009). It appears to be evident that providing sexual education at a younger age, such as 5th or 6th grade, is not only necessary but appropriate as well. Mandatory vs. Optional Sex Ed Because all students deserve the opportunity to have equal access to sex ed; it should be mandated by all schools to teach comprehensive sexual education, with the option for parents opting their children out of class. During interviews conducted with parents of school aged children, by the author of this paper; it was found that all the parents also thought sex ed should be mandatory for schools to teach sex ed, and mandatory for schools to offer parents the choice of opting their children out of the programs. The parents also thought it necessary for schools to allow parents to review the information that would be taught to students prior to their children taking theShow MoreRelatedThe Elementary School Sex Education Debate Essay823 Words à |à 4 PagesGrade School Sex Ed. 1 The Elementary School Sexual Education Debate Sara Vanbuskirk English Comp. 1 Professor Evans November 29, 2011 Grade School Sex Ed. 2 Abstract Controversy is rampant regarding the sexual education of grade school children. Some insist that it is prudent to educate children on this subject beginning as early as kindergarten. Others strongly disagree that earlier education has any effect at all on teen sex and pregnancy and, therefore, abstinence shouldRead MoreSexual Education Starts At Home Essay856 Words à |à 4 PagesSexual education is a constant development that starts from birth and continues across the developmental life span. During this process, it is crucial to lay a strong foundation for sexual health. There are many factual and non-factual opinions about the topic of sexual education. It is constantly it is being discussed and highly publicized in our society via Mass Media and some of the most influential people in our lives. Sexual education is more than sex; itââ¬â¢s about sexual development, reproductionRead MoreAll Schools Should Teach Sex Education Programs962 Words à |à 4 PagesAll Schools Should Teach Sex Education Programs Young children have curious minds to many things, and even though they are told ââ¬Å"noâ⬠or to ââ¬Å"stay awayâ⬠, they tend to act on that curiosity. This also applies to sex. Kids see it on the television, hear it in music, see it on the Internet and start asking about it. Some parents believe that teaching a Sex Education program should just consist of abstinence and nothing more, due to the belief that exposing young children to sexual activity would encourageRead MoreImplementation of Comprehensive Sex Education in High School Essay1281 Words à |à 6 Pagescomprehensive sex education classes as a mandatory curriculum in high school of every state in the United States in order for every high school student to graduate. Section Two: Congress hereby finds and declares that the sex education curriculum has been wrongly denied of pursuing a thorough course in order for high schoolers to achieve a better understanding of anything sex related. Sex education, or sex ed, is an instructional course built to instruct issues relating to human sexualiy, sexual anotomyRead MoreSexual And : Sexual Education1151 Words à |à 5 Pages Sexual Education in Schools By Katelin Garchow Professor Delong English 111 October 10, 2015 Sexual Education in Schools Sexual intercourse is considered to be between two people that love each other very much. It is romanticized in movies and books, and is alluded to everywhere. As the age for sexual experimentation grow lower many question whether or not have sexual education in our school systems. Many argue that by educating the children at younger ages about sex, it promoteRead MoreThe Issue Of Sex Education1429 Words à |à 6 Pagesteenagers and even some adults do not know a lot about sexual health. That is because schools are not giving out some of the most important information to their students in sex education classes. All public schools should require that sex education teaches more than only about abstinence and STIââ¬â¢s. First, schools need to make sure that the information being taught in sex education is medically correct. Many teenagers will go through sex education, but it is a different experience for all of them becauseRead MoreSexual Education Should Be Taught1483 Words à |à 6 PagesSexual education has been prominent in the United States for many decades. It has been the backbone of teaching adolescents what comes from sex and what does not it dispels certain beliefs such as not being able to get pregnant for the first time. There are many views on whether or not sexual education should be taught in school. Some of those include that they are too young to know about such things and others conclude that anytime will be the appropriate time to teach children about safe sex. ARead MoreHigh Teen Pregnancy Rate: Comprehensive Sex Education at Fault?1377 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe lack of sexual education within her school. She claims that because she did not received adequate information on thi s subject, she was unaware of what she was getting herself into. The question is: will the opportunity to experience sex education classes make a difference in preventing teen pregnancy? Sexual education, in a broad sense, is a series of courses taken by adolescents throughout their school years in order gain a better understanding of aspects that pertain to sexual activity. BeginningRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Education On Public Schools1702 Words à |à 7 PagesI. Abstract Sexual education being enforced in public schools is important and it should be taught in all schools. Young adults are learning that it is important to wait until marriage to have sex. Sexual education taught in public schools does raise a couple of eyebrows because some parents think that young adults should not learn about sex at their age. Sexual education is very important for young adults to either use abstinence or condoms. Sexual education in schools are the proper classes forRead MoreSex Education in Schools657 Words à |à 3 PagesSex Education in Schools Nineteen-fifty five marked the debut of sex education programs in schools in the United States. Along the years, many have argued whether or not sex education should be taught in schools. Many believe that the education of sex encourages students to engage in sexual activities which lead to a higher number of pregnancies and sexual transmitted diseases (STDââ¬â¢s).The U.S. is the leading country in teen pregnancies and STDââ¬â¢s As the number of unplanned pregnancies and sexually rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-12008847616744103262020-05-05T21:25:00.001-07:002020-05-05T21:25:21.599-07:00The role and importance of non-bank financial intermediaries free essay sample The role and importance of non-bank financial intermediaries The role and importance of non-bank financial intermediaries is clear from the various functions performed by these institutions. Major functions of the NBFIs are as follows: 1. Financial Intermediation: The most important function of the non-bank financial intermediaries is the transfer of funds from the savers to the investors. Financial intermediation is economical and less expensive to both small businesses and small savers, (a) It provides funds to small businesses for which it is difficult to sell stocks and bonds because of high transaction costs, (b) It also benefits the small savers by pooling their funds and diversifying their investments. 2. Economic Basis of Financial Intermediation: Handling of funds by financial intermediaries is more economical and more efficient than that by the individual wealth owners because of the fact that financial intermediation is based on (a) the law of large numbers, and (b) economies of scale in portfolio management. We will write a custom essay sample on The role and importance of non-bank financial intermediaries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (i) Law of Large Numbers: Financial intermediaries operate on the basis of the statistical law of large numbers. According to this law not all the creditors will withdraw their funds from these institutions. Moreover, if some creditors are withdrawing cash, some others may be depositing cash. Again, the financial intermediaries also receive regular interest payments on loans or investments made by them. All these factors enable the financial intermediaries to keep in cash only a small fraction of the funds provided by the creditors and lend or invest the rest. (ii) Economies of Scale: Large size of the asset portfolios enables the financial intermediaries to reap various economies of scale in portfolio management. The main economies are: (a) reduction of risk through portfolio diversification: (b)employment of efficient and professional managers; and (c) low administrative cost of large loans and (d) low costs of establishment, information and transactions. 3. Inducement to Save: Non-bank financial intermediaries play an important role in promoting savings in the country. Savers need stores of value to hold their savings in. These institutions provide a wide range of financial assets as store of value and make available expert financial services to the savers. As stores of value, the financial assets have certain special advantages over the tangible assets (such as, physical capital, inventories of goods, etc. ). They are easily storable, more liquid, more easily divisible, and less risky. In fact, saving- income ratio is positively related to both financial institutions and financial assets; financial progress . induces larger savings out of the same level of real income. 4. Mobilisation of Saving: Mobilisation of savings takes place when the savers hold savings in the form of currency, bank deposits, post office savings deposits, life insurance policies, bills, bonds equity shares, etc. NBFI provides highly efficient mechanism for mobilising savings. There are two types of NBFTs involved in the mobilisation of savings; (a) Depository Intermediaries, such as savings and loan associations, credit unions, mutual saving banks etc. These institutions mobilise small savings and provide high liquidity of funds. (b) Contractual Intermediaries, such as life insurance companies, public provident funds, pension funds, etc. These institutions enter into contract with savers and provide them various types of benefits over the long periods. 5. Investment of Funds: The main objective of NBFIs is to earn profits by investing the mobilised savings. For this purpose, these institutions follow different investment policies. For example, savings and loan associations, mutual saving banks invest in mortgages, while insurance companies invest in bonds and securities. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-77968568968061150892020-04-16T04:24:00.000-07:002020-04-16T04:25:26.985-07:00Thumb Dominance free essay sample This experiment will determine whether for thumbs of clasped hands is a relationship between R-handedness or left handedness and which thumb is clasped on top of the other thumb. Question: * Does one inherited trait always influence another closely related trait? Research Reiss M. The genetics of hand-claspinga review and a familial study. Ann Hum Biol 1999 Jan-Feb; 26(1):39-48 Hand-clasping refers to the preferential tendency for individuals to clasp the hands together. This paper reviews the previous literature on family data and twins, and reports new data. In this study about 55% of the population are left-hand-claspers, 44% are right-hand-claspers, and the remaining 1% report that they have no preference or are indifferent. Familial data suggest that hand-clasping may be under genetic control: although the data do not fit any straightforward recessive or dominant Mendelian model, they are compatible with the type of model invoking fluctuating asymmetry which has been used to explain the inheritance of handedness and arm-folding. We will write a custom essay sample on Thumb Dominance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is possible that hand-clasping, as for example arm-folding, may be an idiosyncrasy due to or influenced by physical bilateral differences in the hands. All data together are suggestive of a genetic basis, although environmental influences are also evident. http://www. bio. net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/2001-November/047260. html Hypothesis There is no correlation between which thumb is on top and the hand dominance when the hands are clasped. In this hypothesis we accept that these two characteristics are genetically unrelated. Data Collected Table 1: consists of all the data collected. Full data is located at the end of report. * Neither means that the subjects placed their thumbs side by side each other. Table 1: consists of all the data collected. Full data is located at the end of report. * Neither means that the subjects placed their thumbs side by side each other. # of Participant| Right handed| R. H. Dominate| L. H Dominate| Neither| Left handed| R. H. Dominate| L. H Dominate| Neither| 40| 30| 9| 17| 4| 10| 7| 2| 1| We were asked to gather information from subjects regarding right or left dominates. 0 subjects were approached and asked to clasps their hands together and if they were right or left handed. The data was collected categorised in the table above. The graph shows the total results collected. We were asked to gather information from subjects regarding right or left dominates. 40 subjects were approached and asked to clasps their hands together and if they were right or left handed. The data was collected categorised in the table above. The graph shows the total results collected. Table 2: consists of all the data compiled Table 2: consists of all the data compiled Conclusion This experiment was more interesting than I expected. At first I thought that everyone that was right handed would be left hand dominate and the opposite if they were left handed. I was intrigued to find out that this isnââ¬â¢t the case, after testing the first few subject I released that there are some people that donââ¬â¢t even naturally cross their thumbs, they just naturally place their thumbs side by side. Another interesting conclusion was my parents, I just assumed that the results would be the same as mine but they were completely opposite. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-44269712134695401932020-03-13T01:54:00.001-07:002020-03-13T01:54:03.824-07:00Essay about Fahrenheit 451Essay about Fahrenheit 451 Essay about Fahrenheit 451 F451 Analytical Essay First Draft The novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is about a firefighter named Guy Montag, who lives in a futuristic society where books have been banned by the government that fears of an independent-thinking society. It is the job of firefighters to burn any books on sight. After Montag meets Clarisse on his way home, Clarisse challenges him by asking, ââ¬Å"Are you happy?â⬠(Bradbury 10). This simple question causes Montagââ¬â¢s to change and causes everything that follows in the novel. Montag grows increasingly dissatisfied with his life and starts to wonder if perhaps books arenââ¬â¢t so bad. He relies on an old ex-professor named Faber that agrees to work with Montag against the government. Faber says at one point, ââ¬Å"Those who donââ¬â¢t build, burn.â⬠What Faber is saying is similar to an old saying- "If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the problem." This basically means that people who aren't willing to help or contribute to a group or a society are the ones more likely to make it worse or bring it down, which is what the whole society is doing, for instance the many superficial relationships in the novel, and other real life examples. The novel has numerous examples of superficial relationships, which goes along with what Faber said. An example is Montag and his wife, Mildred. Mildred is just like everyone in this society; instead of caring about Montag and loving him, she goes along with society and doesnââ¬â¢t realize that its making Montag not care about her anymore, we can start seen this when Montag asks her when and where did they meet, and Mildred didnââ¬â¢t remember and says ââ¬Å"It doesnââ¬â¢t matterâ⬠(Bradbury 43), this clearly shows that she has no interest in their relationship. Also when the author writes ââ¬Å"And he remembered thinking then that if she died, he was certain he wouldnââ¬â¢t cryâ⬠(Bradbury 44). This quote means that Montag and Mildred didnââ¬â¢t love each other like they are supposed to, and makes it another reason why Montag goes against the government. This example can relate to our world in many ways, for instance some marriages today. Millions are gett ing divorced because they donââ¬â¢t care about each other and this is making their family tear apart perhaps affecting their children. Beatty and Montag is another example of a superficial relationship in the novel. Beatty is the captain of Montagââ¬â¢s fire department. He hates books and people who like reading them. He is devious, and so perceptive that he appears to read Montagââ¬â¢s thoughts. Beatty is so used to the way things are in this society that he does not realize that killing books and people is not a bad thing, this is illustrated when Montag and Beatty go to a house to burn the books and the woman that owned the books wanted to be burned with her books and Montag says ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re not leaving her here? (Bradbury 38). Montag didnââ¬â¢t want to leave the woman there but Beatty didnââ¬â¢t care and explains to Montag that itââ¬â¢s not important, and eventually he burns her with her books. Beatty is the perfect example of this society, brainwashed and isolated from individual thoughts, and not trying to make their society better. When Beatty says- ââ¬Å"What is fire? It's a rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-85834665488041110972020-02-25T16:19:00.001-08:002020-02-25T16:19:01.952-08:00English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12English - Essay Example Also, they should have responsibility towards the laws of the state. So, this paper will analyze these two responsibilities as well as the relationship of the laws to the state using the text, Trial and Death of Socrates by Plato. That is, the paper will answer the questions about the responsibilities and the relationships using Socratesââ¬â¢ heroic speech, featured in the second part of the work In the work, Socrates was indicted for being a ââ¬Ëhyper curiousââ¬â¢ person and also for being a ââ¬Ëcorrupting influenceââ¬â¢ on the Youth. So, in the speech, Socrates counters both these charges in two different ways. As created by Plato, Socrates shows his humbler side in the first part of the work, while in the second part of the work; Socrates presents himself as a heroic figure. In that part, Socratesââ¬â¢ speech is filled with a lot of heroic touches as he fearlessly fights the injustice meted out to him in the court and importantly gives his views on how the individuals should be responsible to the state. Socrates one of the profound intellectuals, the world has seen, earned the wrath of the Anytus, Meletus and Lycon, who accuse him of two civil crimes. Firstly, he was accused of spreading misinformation and also he was accused of intentionally ââ¬Ëseedingââ¬â¢ unwanted and blasphemous thoughts among the youths against the gods, recognized by the State. So, Socrates while refuting both the charges expresses his views about individualââ¬â¢s responsibility to the state. Socrates expresses it, when he speaks about his role of a well-wisher for the people of Athens. In a highly inflammatory tone, Socrates first claims that nothing good has been happening to Athenians because of the callous attitude and the misrule of the rulers. So, he wants the people not to sit idle, but rise up to take on the responsibility on their own. That is, as states are structural things which cannot function on its own, it has to be the people who govern it, who should take the responsibility. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-11487258931832905202020-02-09T09:06:00.001-08:002020-02-09T09:06:02.773-08:00Everyday Use by Alice Walker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsEveryday Use by Alice Walker - Essay Example Mama decides to send Dee to school and when the latter comes back to visit them, she seems to be a changed woman. On the one hand, she respects rural life more, as she covets different rural things. On the other hand, she remains condescending in her attitude toward her family. The plot concerns the summary of life of Mama and her girls and Deeââ¬â¢s return from college life. Walker shows the theme of rural versus urban beliefs and lifestyles, the conflict of interests between modern and traditional cultures, as the traditional insist on functionalism, while the modern insists on objectification of the rural life, and the similarities of Dee to white oppressors. Urban life and rural life clash with each other. Mama loves her rural life and upbringing. The rural setting is her life and she is comfortable inside it. The exposition part of the story is when Mama describes her relationships with her daughters. Her relationship with Dee is tensed, since the latter hates their rural lif e. Mama is more at ease with Maggie, because she is a farm girl herself, but she does not like it that Maggie has no self-confidence at all. It can be also seen from Mamaââ¬â¢s voice that she is proud of what she can do as a farmer: ââ¬Å"I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog.â⬠She clearly takes pride in what she does. Like Maggie, however, she does not finish school and remain illiterate all her life. Dee wants an urban lifestyle. When she learns to read, she reads to her family, but with such an arrogant manner: ââ¬Å"She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice.â⬠Dee has such as sharp disdain for her own family, because they are poor and ignorant. The story also remarks of the conflict of interests between modern and traditional cultures . Conflict begins, when Dee wanted to take the quilts that Grandma Dee and Big Dee made. Mama refused to give it to her, because she promised these quilts as her gift for Maggieââ¬â¢s forthcoming wedding. Dee insisted on having her way, as usual, and Maggie gave in to Dee, but Mama did something extraordinary. The climax of the story is when mama insister her will upon Dee. She must have never done it before, and as a result, she also shows a precedent to Maggie that she cannot allow anyone to just push her around, especially when she also deserves her own place on earth. Because of this argument, Maggie got her quilts back. The story is written from the viewpoint of Mama. The language and structure reproduce the rural beliefs, practices, and attitudes of Mama. It is a story that describes the simple pleasures and needs of rural people, who are content with who they are and what they are doing with their life. This story also reveals that Dee is parallel to the white oppressors t hat Mama hates. Dee also looks down on her own family and believes that they are not making more of themselves. She sees herself as a superior being, because she is educated and ââ¬Å"learnedâ⬠about the importance of heritage. Despite her education, she has no ââ¬Å"realâ⬠breeding, because she did not learn how to respect her family and their simple dreams and happiness in life. The resolution of the story occurs when Maggie and Mama relax after Dee left: ââ¬Å" rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-2605573897903591852020-01-30T06:53:00.001-08:002020-01-30T06:53:02.567-08:00Organized Cybercrimes Essay Example for Free Organized Cybercrimes Essay Verizon business researched and reported in 2009 a case study involving data breaches in secured network. Within their findings, they summarize the threats, which industry, and which records are the most popular. The report fist showed that a percentage of the hacking from outside sources came from the European Union, and the most popular info being stolen was financial and retail goods. Surprisingly there were a large amount of threats in house that took advantage of software issueââ¬â¢s and exploited them. More than likely sold the info to outside source to further continue hacking and establishing a backdoor it the database. Of the all the outside attacks according from the European Union, most of them were organized crime familyââ¬â¢s that originated out of the Soviet bloc nations. It is by far cheaper the hack and sells credit card numbers abroad that sit on a corner and peddle illegal goods. Another cash crop for cybercrime and hacking is the diversion of goods, especially from ports of entry. Using financial records and accounts to pose as a company that is entitled to receive goods is one the tactics used. Once those item are in there possession, they disappear. A percentage of these hackers can by way of software be totally transparent, and for intent purposes be invisible until the crime has committed. This poses a very job to law enforcement to track capture and convict these criminals, not to mention some these countries donââ¬â¢t even have extradition rights to the USA. It would take a co-op effort of the Euro nations and US and Asia to make the act of hacking and breaching networks a more serious crime. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-6749427910155229982020-01-22T03:17:00.001-08:002020-01-22T03:17:01.997-08:00Charles Babbage :: Essays PapersCharles Babbage Charles Babbage was born at Walworth, Surrey England in December 26,1791. He achieved many great feats and belonged to many very distinguished groups before he died in October 18, 1871. Many people consider him to be the grandfather of computer science due to his great works with his Difference Engine (1821), which printed tables of polynomials, and his Analytical Engine (1856), which was intended as a general symbol manipulator. These inventions were far more complex than the work of any of his fellow inventors. Although there is no evidence that the computers of today are direct descendants of his work. He grew up with a passion for how mechanical objects worked. He also was an excellent mathematician. This was discovered at an early age when he employed a tutor only to find out he knew more about math than the tutor did. He was home schooled for a good many years before entering Cambridge University in 1810 an institution where he would later hold the position of Lucasian c hair of mathematics from 1828 to 1839. His home schooling was in direct result of poor health in his youth. He was involved in many different fields of science. He was the first person to be presented the Gold Medal award given by the Astronomical Society. He was also a key figure in the founding of the Astronomical Society in 1820, the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831 and the Statistical Society of London in 1834. He is also the author of the very influential book On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures. He also wrote a series of papers on many different topics such as optics and cryptology. Babbage excelled in many categories but being a politician wasnââ¬â¢t one of them. As a result he would not be able to persuade the government in England to give him a grant on working on the analytical engine. In Babbages early years he was quite social an pleasant to have around. In fact he was notorious for excellent dinner parties where many famous and prominent people would be in attendance. Although over the years and believed by some as a result from the death of his daughter Shelley, who drowned near La Spezia in July of 1822 and 5 years later the death of his 35-year-old wife Georgiana in August 1827 he became a very bitter old man. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-88927030332698024592020-01-13T23:41:00.001-08:002020-01-13T23:41:03.102-08:00The History of BradfordBradford began as a minute village but at the turn of the 19thcentury the population increased at a rapid rate, this lead to death rates to augment which meant that a cemetery was urgently needed. Time took its toll and life in Bradford became worse and by 1854 the Undercliffe Cemetery was created. This cemetery contains such facets that are very idiosyncratic and display Victorian life in a unique way. The main focus of this paper will be on the different features of the site and how they support and contradict the Victorian values and attitudes, along with my research I will also be extracting evidence from the burial ground and analysing both primary and secondary sources in order to find out how the site has interpreted and shown the Victorian attributes Value 1: Social Status For those in the upper classes of society etiquette was an essential way of living, Victorian society was prominently concerned about every aspect of their life. From the moment the upper-class left their beds their day was ruled over by many doââ¬â¢s and donââ¬â¢ts. Victorian society although may have been strict on an array of rules, it could also be quite pleasant but only depending on your financial status. The cemetery itself supports the idea of the high class holding onto their social position for example in site 4 the Illingworth mausoleum portrays many characteristics such as the tomb itself being built inside with lavish marble in order to keep the bodies cool and the sphinx guarding the tomb gives the impression that they were in some cases showing off that they had travelled to a foreign country. This mausoleum in particular is a great feature of the cemetery that represents how important social status was to the Victorians this is because the tomb itself contains such descriptive detail that evidently shows the Illingworthââ¬â¢s were beginning to show their status in society. Their grave appears to show their importance and wealth due to its intricate design and detail such as the sphinx. This evidence of the illingworthââ¬â¢s mausoleum is a pure example of how the cemetery contains a feature which supports the Victorian values and attitudes regarding the social status of the upper class Victorians. While gathering my evidence of the Victorian valueââ¬â¢s I came across a source in form of an image that in some aspects supports as well as contradicts the way the cemetery has portrayed social status and social class. A painting by J. Ritchie which was produced in 1858 that goes by the name of ââ¬ËA summerââ¬â¢s day in Hyde Parkââ¬â¢ contains various activities that can be seen and amidst them various people that portray different classes in 19th century society. Although this source was written four years after the cemetery was created it provides illustrative substantiation that the affluent citizens wanted to stand out therefore they are painted with a white colour bringing out their importance whereas the workers and servants are daubed with a dull colour which shows how they were kept in the dark and were not to be seen. Along with the rich being highlighted the image brings out some metaphorical evidence which can be seen within Undercliffe Cemetery, in the painting the upper class are placed in the centre of the image this idea supports the cemetery because the rich are in fact the most dominant and are placed within the centre of the burial ground to show their importance. Social status was a very important value that the Victorians held onto it was their way of expressing who they were, the cemeteryââ¬â¢s features can in fact support the idea of social status being one of the main features that are thoroughly explained, this source in particular has added to my understanding that this burial ground is in fact categorised and certain sites within the cemetery were only for certain classes. My own research on the source and on social status gives the impression that the cemetery supports the indication of Victorian society being very cautious on their title and position. Value 2: Family Values Although position in society was of importance to Victorians they also had another value which can be seen throughout the cemetery this was their family. There were many rules regarding the family which would consist of the father being the head of the house and he was always to be obeyed. In public, children were expected to be seen and not heard. At Undercliffe Cemetery I observed a tomb located in site 3 which belonged to The Behrens family, they had decided to include everybodyââ¬â¢s name that was in their family implying that they were all buried together. This grave brings out a feature of the cemetery that supports that family values were an important element in the Victorian life. It also provides evidence that this value was seen as some importance due to the way it was shown in the cemetery. The family during the 19th century was very similar between the Upper and middle class but also differed in many ways. Each member of the family had its own place and children were taught ââ¬Ëto know their placeââ¬â¢ Most days the middle and upper class children saw very little of their parents. The children would spend most of their time in the nursery and would be brought up by their nanny. This information helps me understand insight into a childââ¬â¢s life from an opulent background it shows how the family values in Victorian times were very stringent and the cemetery doesnââ¬â¢t give any evidence of the luxurious wealthy having this sort of background it only shows the extravagance of the graves and this enquiry on the actual rules on family etiquette was something no outsider was expected to know about. Although family values did appear to be harsh a very well-known British painter named William Powell Frith did a very good depiction of how important family was to the average Victorian family. His painting which was produced in 1856 and is named ââ¬Ëmany happy returns of the dayââ¬â¢ suggests that Frithââ¬â¢s personal life was happy and yet secretive. It shows that although the household was important to the man of the house this didnââ¬â¢t deter him away from the Victorian hypocrisy. This interpretation of Victorian hypocrisy can be seen in the corner of the painting near the man himself he is seen sat next to another mistress with children from him, this suggests that family values obviously couldnââ¬â¢t have been as important to the husband as he may have made them out to be and scandals such as these were something that should have been avoided at all costs. This exact source regarding values of family in various ways contradicts what the cemetery is trying to display. The source has given me a different sort of understanding that the cemetery doesnââ¬â¢t provide although the burial ground shows one grave with family values itââ¬â¢s the source that shows the true life of Victorians whereas Undercliffe cemetery has a feature that although stands out it doesnââ¬â¢t 100% give accurate evidence of the importance of family values to Victorians. Value 3: Paternalism Many husbands in the Victorian epoch were considered to be paternalists they believed that they were the men of the house and women were seen as inferior ones. This notion of men being the dominant can clearly be seen at the cemetery and it therefore makes it a very distinctive feature. While studying the memorial park I came across two graves in particular one which supported the Victorian value in respects to paternalism but another which totally controverted paternalism. These two people were in fact located on the main avenue in site 3. Firstly Robert Milligan who was a merchant and had been the MP of Bradford had a grave which was mostly dedicated to him and a small memoir regarding his wife, not only did this reveal vanity it also showed how he believed he was the man in charge and how mediocre his wife was compared to him. On the other hand a middle class man who owns the tallest pedestal within the cemetery had decided to put his wife first his name is in fact William Sharp. He was not a paternalist but in fact quite the opposite. Paternalism was a value within the Victorian times that every man governed over, the cemetery corroborates that paternalism was in fact a facet that helps one understand where men were within society. In a more general format the cemeteryââ¬â¢s main feature shows that paternalism was the most dominant element of the Victorian life due to the various graves that begin with the husbands or fathers name first. Another source which was observed at the cemetery itself was William sharps grave it gainsays the cemetery as being paternalist as he decided to put his wifes name first. This displays a man who had gone against some ways of how a Victorian had lived, firstly he wasnââ¬â¢t an upper class gentlemen yet he is the one who worked his way to the top. This grave helps me apprehend that not everybody followed all the rules in the Victorian times some people wanted to work in order to be in a higher position in life and didnââ¬â¢t want to feel like they were supposed to be a certain way In order to fit in. Even though being the man in charge, William sharp felt that his wife had the same equal rights as him and that even if he was dominant she was his wife and he loved her. In order to show his affection he may have decided to place her name before his. Paternalism does stand out well in the cemetery and William Sharps grave does indeed provide evidence that some Victorians in terms of paternalism shouldnââ¬â¢t be generalised as not all men believed to be the most dominant in the house. Value 4: Role of Women While studying the site at Undercliffe Cemetery another Victorian value which I believe is a feature of the cemetery that stands out is the role of women, the site shows me that women were considered to be nothing but an ornament for one to admire, the many graves that were at the cemetery began with the husbands name this interpreted that women were seen as sub-standard compared to the males. I researched further into what life was like for genuine Victorian woman and the rights were very appalling. To begin with women werenââ¬â¢t given any suffrage rights, they werenââ¬â¢t given any rights to own property and education for them wasnââ¬â¢t considered important as long as they could get a husband. This Victorian value helps me understand that life for Victorian women was quite limited they were only allowed to do certain things and were considered to be feminine and courteous. An extract from Mrs Beetons book which talks about household management and reinforces the role of women and how they should set a timetable for every aspect of their daily life. She begins by saying ââ¬ËAs the commander of an army, or the leader of any enterprise, so it is with the mistress of a houseââ¬â¢ This woman is trying to explain that although women arenââ¬â¢t superior they still have the command over the house and its their duty to make sure everything is in order. This source helps me understand that during the Victorian times the woman was supposed to keep herself busy and at the same time avoid doing chores or getting involved in business, finance or even politics they were allowed to have social gatherings and plan parties but they werenââ¬â¢t allowed to venture into the world of work. The cemetery shows that women were inferior but it doesnââ¬â¢t give any more information of what women went through during the Victorian times therefore it in some ways supports the cemetery. This value in the Victorian era helps me understand through both the sources and my own research that women did not receive any equality and to some extent the cemetery supports this evidence. In conclusion to all of the above Victorian values in which I have studied I can say that there are many features of Undercliffe Cemetery that support the attributes and many sources that were from that period of time that support and also contradict evidence seen at the cemetery. In my opinion I believe that although the burial groundââ¬â¢s features display Victorian attitudes and values to some extent they are quite inaccurate as they donââ¬â¢t give the full information as the true insight into the Victorian life. Therefore I believe that my own study of the sources and research has helped me understand the features of the cemetery that stand out. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-987238504677065322020-01-05T20:02:00.001-08:002020-01-05T20:02:03.729-08:00Being Kin Is Not Everything Essay - 1257 Words In this class I did not expect to become so intrigued about early life and the growth of how early hominids developed. I thought that I was taught most of how we early humans developed and came to be. Realizing that I did not I looked deeper into the study of different types of monkeys, apes, and gorillas, especially the study Dian Fossey did on Titus. With this study it began to separate how us humans and primates use altruistic behaviors. Figuring out the different motives humans and primates had and how they came to interact between there communities I began to see we have behaviors that are similar. Although altruistic behaviors has to do with relatives and their families, I see that those behaviors can be used even when there is noâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When he began in an all male group, since his mother and sister abandoned the group when his father was murdered, I found that his story and life relates to why they engaged in this behavior. His experience showed that he never had that relationship with a mother and father figure making him grow up and strive for himself. When it comes to an evolutionary perspective Titus did not have that normal childhood. He had to grow up and learn survival instincts naturally without others for a while, until he was able to come in contact with his male group. Although they got along with each other for a couple of years they really grew close especially Titus and one other male silverback, Beetsme. Titus gaining relationships and friendships with this time being really pushed him to stay with them because that was the first family he could ever be with for once. All of the males felt like they had companions and did not even worry about females. This long-term female-less group allowed them to take in others, like other males, to stay and form these long-term relationships. They became friends and close, partially Beetsme and Titus. Only when other females began wondering in search of males is when the male gr oup began to dwindle and compete for the leadership role. Beetsme being the full-grown silverback he gained complete control, but once again his relationship with Titus was so indicted that he allowed him toShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Melfi V. 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Death is also aptly named, as well as Everymans friend Fellowship, his family Kin and Cousin, as well as Worldly Goods and Good Deeds. This same technique is used in Pilgrims Progress to make it unmistakable that the story is aimed at the reader as a moral judgment and not as an interpretive work. This guarantees that every rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-44423097113022267002019-12-28T16:27:00.001-08:002019-12-28T16:27:03.468-08:00De Broglie Wavelength Example Problem This example problem demonstrates how to find the wavelength of a moving electron using de Broglies equation.ââ¬â¹ While an electron has properties of a particle, the de Broglie equation may be used to describe its wave properties. Problem: What is the wavelength of an electron moving at 5.31 x 106 m/sec?Given: mass of electron 9.11 x 10-31 kgh 6.626 x 10-34 Jà ·s Solution: de Broglies equation isà » h/mvà » 6.626 x 10-34 Jà ·s/ 9.11 x 10-31 kg x 5.31 x 106 m/secà » 6.626 x 10-34 Jà ·s/4.84 x 10-24 kgà ·m/secà » 1.37 x 10-10 mà » 1.37 Ã⦠Answer: The wavelength of an electron moving 5.31 x 106 m/sec is 1.37 x 10-10 m or 1.37 Ãâ¦. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-36630036161786024392019-12-20T12:16:00.001-08:002019-12-20T12:16:03.286-08:00The Hero s Journey By Joseph Campbell - 1538 Words Two books can seem completely different from each other when judged by characteristics such as genre, plot, and theme. However, if people were to look at the books together and as a whole, they might notice one striking similarity between the two. That striking similarity is known as the heroââ¬â¢s journey. First observed and documented by Joseph Campbell, the heroââ¬â¢s journey is a concept in which heroes, or people who commit actions for the greater good, follow a three-step cycle known as departure, fulfillment, and return. At the first stage of the heroââ¬â¢s journey, the hero receives a call to an adventure that takes him from the comforts of his home. Next, at the most important stage of the heroââ¬â¢s journey, the hero begins to experience lifeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Unlike several of the other characters in The Joy Luck Club, Lindo Jong embodies the heroââ¬â¢s journey as first shown by the completion of the first stage: departure. Lindo begins her journ ey at the age of two when the village matchmaker arranges for her to be married to Huang Tyan-yu. Despite her lack of consent, Lindo recognizes and states that ââ¬Å"even if I had known I was getting a bad husband, I had no choice, now or laterâ⬠(Tan 51). Lindo grows up in the countryside of China, where all power over decisions is given to the parents. Should she face difficult hardships later on in her life, she does not have the authority to better her situation. Lindoââ¬â¢s weakness--which is her natural obedience to her mother in order to prevent her from ââ¬Å"losing faceâ⬠--in combination with her lack of choice in any matter will inevitably leads to trouble as she receives her call to adventure. Speaking of call to adventure, although Lindo began her journey ten years ago, she has yet to cross the threshold into her heroic venture. A natural disaster, however, changes that. At the age of twelve, her life completely changes when a flood ââ¬Å"destroyed all th e wheat [Lindoââ¬â¢s] family had planted that year and made the land useless for years to comeâ⬠(Tan 53). Due to the flood, rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-4838321367093305672019-12-12T08:47:00.001-08:002019-12-12T08:47:02.872-08:00The Characters of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare Essay Sample free essay sample The chief characters ofJulius Caesarby William Shakespeare are predominately are educated. and political figures. Antony. Brutus. Cassius. and Caesar all likewise in some ways because of their similar backgrounds. but they besides have several differences. Cassius and Caesar are the most likewise. The both have a gustatory sensation for power. and they have a job with following others. They have strong personalities and are natural leaders. Caesar has succeeded in obtaining the trueness of the Roman people and his ground forces. Cassius is the leader of the blackwash secret plan and besides has the ability to rock others to follow him. However. Caesar is more unfastened about his motivations while Cassius is more sly. He is non one who can associate with the common people. Caesar even says that he is thin and enjoys no pleasances. Caesar is rather the antonym. He does bask life and all of the pleasances that it brings. We will write a custom essay sample on The Characters of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cassius is plotting the blackwash of Caesar. but Caesar had defeated Pompeii whom he had one time sworn commitment. Brutus and Antony are besides more likewise. They had both been loyal to Caesar and considered his closest friends. Brutus did bewray him while Antony remained loyal to the terminal. They both loved their state more than themselves. Brutus merely goes against Caesar because he is convinced he will declare himself king. Brutus would do good with his closest friend as male monarch. but he put what he thought was best for his fellow countrymen foremost. Antony. being a military adult male is every bit loyal to his ground forces and military as Brutus is to his countrymen. These two work forces are forced to do determination that will change the classs of their lives. Antony is far brighter and more trained than Brutus when it comes to military schemes When he is a portion of the blackwash squad. Brutus still takes the clip to acknowledge the good qualities that Caesar possessed. Antony besides praises the Brutus after his decease. He knew that he did the incorrect thing with honest purp oses. The drama. Julius Caesar has been enjoyed for 100s of old ages. This has been true because of the strong characters that Shakespeare displays to the audience. It will be entertaining for coevalss to come because of the strong plot line and the unforgettable characters. Plants Cited Shakespeare. William.Julius Caesar. 1623. New York: Washington Square Press. 2004. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-48414149730253676252019-12-04T20:28:00.001-08:002019-12-04T20:28:04.536-08:00Lacsapââ¬â¢s Fraction free essay sample For its external structure, Lacsapââ¬â¢s Fraction is analogous to Pascalââ¬â¢s Triangle. Lacsapââ¬â¢s Fraction presents the way of generating and organizing the binomial coefficients. Within this investigation, the work is planning to be divided into two parts. In the first part, the content will relate to the pattern of numerators. In the second part, I am going to do the research on the patterns of denominator and the general statement for. Admittedly, the technology of computing will be involved into this investigation (E. g. Geogebro and GSP5chs). The following figure 1-1 illustrates Lacsapââ¬â¢s Fraction. Firstly, I am going to research the numerator patterns. By observing the numerators of these fractions, it is illustrated that the first row of numerator is 1, second row of numerator is 3, third row of numerator is 6, fourth row of numerator is 10 and fifth row of numerator is 15. Letââ¬â¢s present it into the mathematical way: (= numerator of the row) Continued I decide to let numerator as the y-axis and nth row as the x-axis. We will write a custom essay sample on Lacsapââ¬â¢s Fraction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Numerator Row number Fig. 2-1 By looking through the diagram (Fig. 2-1), the shape of the curve seem to be similar with the quadratic function curve (See Fig. 2-2) Secondly, letââ¬â¢s assume the relationship between the row number, n, and the numerator in each row is quadratic function. Next step, I am going to prove it. Fig. 2-2 Assuming their relationship is a quadratic function, and then chooses any 3 group of numbers to substitute into the equation. As x-axis represents the number of, y-axis represents the number of numerator. Chosen number group: (1,1), (2,3) and (3,6). I am going to solve it by using Matrix method , by using GC (graphic calculator) () Finally, substituting another group of data into f(x) ensure this function equation pattern expression of numerator is correct. Chosen number group: (6,21) Thus, the pattern expression equation is exact correct and corresponds to the graph it illustrated. Letââ¬â¢s rewrite the equation to. According to the top equation we can directly substitute row number 7 into, the numerator which equals to. * In the part B, it will relate to pattern of the fractionââ¬â¢s denominator. And the pattern of denominator was presented by the general statement of , firstly let be the element in the row, starting with. Take an example first, according to the figure 3-1, the denominator of fourth row of the third number is 6, and we change it into the form which is. Fig. 3-1 In the second step, looking at the denominators in each row, it is illustrated that the second row of denominator is 2, third row is 4, fourth row is 6 and 7, for fifth row of denominator is 15. In order to make it clear, I make a table (= denominator of the row). And this model really plays an important role in this task and provides me a more convenient method to find out the general statement. Within this task, in part B * Variables: the number of row and element number * Constraint:value of denominator Moreover, in the part B the mathematical model of integration by substitution plays a significant role, the general statement is getting through it. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-823937553157110882019-11-28T06:55:00.001-08:002019-11-28T06:55:03.116-08:00Younge goodman brown Essay Example For Students Younge goodman brown Essay In the story Young Goodman Brown a Puritan man confronts and tries to deal with the fact all of the people he thought were god-faring people infact worshiped satin. His Puritanical background was such that he was unable to deal with the possibility of this and he lost his faith and lived an unhappy life. The author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, wrote several stories set during this Puritanical time; showing the religion and people of this time to be intolerable and unforgiving. In this short story Hawthorne shows his dislike of Puritanism through Goodman Brownââ¬â¢s experience with the Devil. Hawthorne begins to show his dislike for Puritanism while Goodman Brown is having his conversation with his traveling companion. Goodmanââ¬â¢s remark that he wishes to go no further in this journey, reasoning that his father and other ancestors had not been down this path before. His companion then remarks that in fact he has been down this path with both his father and grandfather when they needed his assistance. The other traveler tells Goodman Brown of the wicked things his ancestors did and how he helped them accomplish them. Goodman finds this hard to believe but the other traveler says he and Goodmanââ¬â¢s ancestors were in fact good friends of his. This passage in the story showââ¬â¢s Hawthorns dislike for Puritanism by showing how these supposed highly religious people beat and killed people unlike themselves. This shows how truly intolerant the Puritan religion was. We will write a custom essay on Younge goodman brown specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Later on in Goodmans journey he beings to see people heading towards the same satanically meeting that he is heading to. These people include the woman that taught him catechism, his minister, a Deacon, many members of his church, elected officials, and his wife. These were all extremely holy people in his eyes and it was a shock to seem them in ceremony celebrating the Devil. As these highly respectable people pass they talk of their enjoyment of tonightââ¬â¢s meeting and some even talk directly to the Devil and speak of wicked things. All these seemly highly religious people seem to be going to worship the most evil thing imaginable to Puritan society. Hawthorne again is showing his dislike for the Puritan religion by showing that many of the most religious people were in fact evil and intolerant and hid behind the mask of religion to do their deeds. After Goodman Brownââ¬â¢s encounter with this satanically meeting he awakes in the middle of the woods alone. His untrust of his own religion and faith become so profound that he refused to worship and celebrate the religion these people practiced. He could not trust anyone, not even his own wife. He then went on to live a life without religion or a peaceful death because his faith was so weakened when he realized most people were not totally un-sinful and infact relished in their sinful ways. The author once again writes of his personal distaste for the Puritan religion in this last passage by having Goodman Brown not be able to pray and listen to the preaching that he believes to be flawed and taught by unfaithful ministers. Young Goodman Brown was written as a historical protest to Puritanism and its affects on the United States culture. Our background originates from these supposedly highly religious people who in fact were often treacherous and harmful from anyone different from themselves. Hawthornââ¬â¢s personal dislikes of Puritanism leads him to write this tail of these peopleââ¬â¢s beliefs and their contrasting actions. Bibliography: rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-31064003420005267142019-11-24T14:29:00.001-08:002019-11-24T14:29:03.215-08:00Quotes From To the Lighthouse by Virginia WoolfQuotes From 'To the Lighthouse' by Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse is one of the most well-known works by Virginia Woolf. Published in 1927, this book is full of quotable lines. Part 1 Chapter VI Who shall blame him? Who will not secretly rejoice when the hero puts his armor off, and halts by the window and gazes at his wife and son, who, very distant at first, gradually come closer and closer, till lips and book and head are clearly before him, though still lovely and unfamiliar from the intensity of his isolation and the waste of ages and the perishing of the stars, and finally putting his pipe in his pocket and bending his magnificent head before her - who will blame him if he does homage to the beauty of the world? Chapter IX Could loving, as people called it, make her and Mrs. Ramsay one? for it was not knowledge but unity that she desired, not inscriptions on tablets, nothing that could be written in any language known to men, but intimacy itself, which is knowledge, she had thought, leaning her head on Mrs. Ramsays knee. Chapter X A light here required a shadow there. There were the eternal problems: suffering; death; the poor. There was always a woman dying of cancer even here. And yet she had said to all these children, You shall go through with it. Chapter XVII It partook...of eternity...there is a coherence in things, a stability; something, she meant, is immune from change, and shines out (she glanced at the window with its ripple of reflected lights) in the face of the flowing, the fleeting, the spectral, like a ruby; so that again tonight she had the feeling she had had once today, already, of peace, of rest. Of such moments, she thought, the thing is made that endures. Chapter XVII She had done the usual trick - been nice. She would never know him. He would never know her. Human relations were all like that, she thought, and the worst (if it had not been for Mr. Bankes) were between men and women. Inevitably these were extremely insincere. Part 2 Chapter III For our penitence deserves a glimpse only; our toil respite only. Chapter XIV She could not say it...as she looked at him she began to smile, for though she had not said a word, he knew, of course, he knew, that she loved him. He could not deny it. And smiling she looked out of the window and said (thinking to herself, Nothing on earth can equal this happiness) - Yes, you were right. Its going to be wet tomorrow. You wont be able to go. And she looked at him smiling. For she had triumphed again. She had not said it: yet he knew. Chapter VIII The Lighthouse was then a silvery, misty-looking tower with a yellow eye, that opened suddenly, and softly in the evening. Now - James looked at the Lighthouse. He could see the white-washed rocks; the tower, stark and straight; he could see that it was barred with black and white; he could see windows in it; he could even see washing spread on the rocks to dry. So that was the Lighthouse, was it? No, the other was also the Lighthouse. For nothing was simply one thing. The other Lighthouse was true too. Part 3 Chapter III What is the meaning of life? That was all - a simple question; one that tended to close in on one with years. The great revelation had never come. The great revelation perhaps never did come. Instead, there were little daily miracles, illuminations, matches struck unexpectedly in the dark; here was one. Chapter V Mrs. Ramsay sat silent. She was glad, Lily thought, to rest in silence, uncommunicative; to rest in the extreme obscurity of human relationships. Who knows what we are, what we feel? Who knows even at the moment of intimacy, This is knowledge? Arent things spoilt then, Mrs. Ramsay may have asked (it seemed to have happened so often, this silence by her side) by saying them? But one only woke people if one knew what one wanted to say to them. And she wanted to say not one thing, but everything. Little words that broke up the thought and dismembered it said nothing. About life, about death; about Mrs. Ramsay - no, she thought, one could say nothing to nobody. Chapter IX She alone spoke the truth; to her alone could he speak it. That was the source of her everlasting attraction for him, perhaps; she was a person to whom one could say what came into ones head. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-72912349347442242862019-11-21T07:35:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:35:07.388-08:00LIFE EXPERIENCES ESSAY; Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsLIFE EXPERIENCES ; - Essay Example That is one of the most important life lessons that I have learned. This experience has informed my application to the college. I have had many obstacles in my life, but Iââ¬â¢ve persevered through them. Theyââ¬â¢ve shaped my personality but not overcome it. I remember how much my parents valued education; that kept the flame of a better life living on within me. Today, I do my best to strive towards excellence with obstacles knocking every day at the door. My mother and father have been a major inspiration in my life. Their stories are the basis to my life and they allow me to know how far they have risen from; they teach me to focus not only on my current state, but to yearn for more. Their stories taught me how to be mature and to realize that no matter how life gets you down, you have to get back up again and fight for your dreams and what you believe in. That is the most important lesson of my life. I do my best to always remember it. Next to my family, pharmacy is the most important thing in my life. I live, breathe, and sleep it. Throughout my education I have worked hard to establish good analytical and critical thinking capability. I have big plans and big dreams which I want to fulfil. I know in my heart I will achieve them. An pharmacy degree would be the first step in accomplishing my goals in my plan. My plan is to get an pharmacy degree to benefit younger pharmacy students and future generations. All we really do in life is pass on our accomplishment to our children in order to make their lives a little bit easier. I would do anything for my parents to make them proud of me, because they have done a lot for me and I really owe them. Part of my plan to make them proud is to earn entry into the pharmacy college. But I am not doing it for them alone, I am also doing it for me and for my future. I believe in my future with all my heart. So much can be accomplished when one rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-72565576156728753842019-11-20T09:33:00.001-08:002019-11-20T09:33:04.309-08:00Sydney as an Efficient Department of Health AssignmentSydney as an Efficient Department of Health - Assignment Example In the past, Sydney had higher unemployment rates in comparison to the national average and other regions of Nova Scotia (LFS December 2014). The ethnic groups that are mostly found in Sydney are mostly French, Canadian, Scottish, English, and Irish. There might also be a visible small population of Chinese, Arabs, and Africans. According to a recent census, 65% of the big population reports to have England as their original motherland and thus English as their mother tongue. The rest of the population that reports having French and another non-official language as their mother tongue are almost equal, 15% and 13%.The Francophone and Acadian are not concentrated in Sydney as they are in other counties such as Richmond, Digby and Halifax. Despite Christianity taking dominance in this population, the practice of Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism is exhibited. In the total population, 75% practice Christianity, 5% practice Judaism, Buddhism, and Islam while the rest 20% have no religious affiliation (Sylvester, 2001). From the 2011 census, the population practices Agriculture though not in large scale. They mostly cultivate vegetables to feed the people that live in Sydney.They build dikes along the tidal marshes so that they can secure salt that they use to cure salt. Fishing is a large contributor the economy of Sydney. This makes it a leader among a majority of fisheries in the Atlantis coast. Due to this, salt and dried fish is the main export commodity to other parts of the world such as Latin America. There is the presence of valuable fish in their markets such as cod and haddock. Crustaceans such as lobsters and scallops are also present. Sydney does not have a large presence in manufacturing industries. It accounts for less than three percentages of the manufacturing sales in Canada. However, the region manufactures wood, plastics, and food. The tourism in the community is relatively active, employing 7200 workers. The sea is a main source ofà transport despite the region having other transport services such as railway and road. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-35321134714211905752019-11-18T01:26:00.001-08:002019-11-18T01:26:03.735-08:00Are Public Protests in Public Places Effective Ways of Bringing Change EssayAre Public Protests in Public Places Effective Ways of Bringing Change - Essay Example It was the largest ever seen demonstration in the capital that attracted over 250,000 people and one of the first to have extensive television coverage. The Cairoââ¬â¢s Tahrir Square, which was a protest against the countryââ¬â¢s leadership, that is, revolution against former President Hosni Mubarak and his regime. The two events are memorable as they have some similarities and differences depicting the nature of public protests in the past and recent years. The two events being the best examples of public protest, indicating that public protest in public places can be an effective way of bringing change to the people. The atmosphere and conditions that led to the protest of Civil Rights March (Washington DC 1963) started way back in 1950s and 1960s where the civil rights movement in the United States was for political, legal, and social struggle to gain citizenship rights for black Americans and to achieve equality. A racial unrest of civil demonstrations was sparked off by th e police action in Birmingham, Alabama that had media coverage showing how dogs and fire horses were turned against protestors who were still young in their early teens (ABC, 2005). In The Tahrir Square (Cairo 2011) protest, around the year 2005 and 2006 after the re-election of Mubarak opposition started to demand for political changes. The protests were however, started because of a June 2010 incident in which a young man Khaled Said was allegedly beaten by police. This is the same period that there was unrest in Tunisia and protests in Egypt has been linked to this protest too. The high levels of unemployment of black people, the persistence racial segregation, the poor and minimal wages at their jobs, the disenfranchisement of many African Americans, and the slow or lack of any meaningful reforms by earlier protests led to this march of 1963. This led to demands for the passage of a meaningful and comprehensive civil rights legislation, the protection against police brutality on the protestors, and the ending of cultural separation in public schools. Further, it led to enactment of laws that prohibits racial unfairness in public and private hiring, a major program for public-works to provide jobs for the black Americans, a 2 dollar an hour minimum wage, and the call for a self government for the District of Columbia which had a black majority (Anheier, 2004). In the 2011 Egyptian protests, it were mainly for political and legal issues including; the main issue being the end of President Hosni Mubarakââ¬â¢s regime, uncontrolled corruption, lack of freedom of speech and free elections, economical issues including high unemployment, police brutality, food price inflation, state of emergency laws, and low minimum wages. More than 250,000 demonstrators descended upon the nationââ¬â¢s capital to participate in the march of Washington for ââ¬Å"Jobs and Freedomâ⬠on August 28, 1963. The protest began with a rally at Washington Monument where several c elebrities and musicians performed and the protests became a collective celebration too. This was one of the largest demonstrations by various civil rights organizations in United States showing their unity in agitation for Jobs and freedom. The participants went from National Mall to the Memorial which was a mile long away. At the Lincoln Memorial, there was a three-hour long program, which included speeches from prominent civil rights and religious leaders. The two outstanding speeches came from came from John Lewis and Martin Luther King, Jr. The march was rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-101557156365822818.post-24150250030840001422019-11-15T13:58:00.001-08:002019-11-15T13:58:11.768-08:00Gender Differences In PolitenessGender Differences In Politeness Nowadays the difference between mens and womens use of language is one of the most important research subjects among sociolinguistic scholars as a result of its importance in communication. Understanding the different communication patterns which women and men typically use assists interlocutors to reach to better understanding and finally to achieve effective communication. Numerous studies have been widely and deeply conducted to come to conclusion that women and men are dissimilar in the way of interacting and communicating in terms of minimal responses, turntaking, changing the topic of conversation and self-disclosure. As a noticeable feature in cross-gender communications, politeness has begun to draw a lot of interests from many researchers during the past forty years. Therefore, there has been an upsurge in discussions, seminars, journals and researches in such fields as word choice, syntax and intonation to portray how dissimilarly men and women use politeness strategies. It is a high likelihood that gender differences in polite behavior will lead to failure in cross-sex communication. So as to get effective communication, speakers need to understand verbally politic behavior in different genders well. There is a general agreement that women are more likely to use politeness patterns than men in their speech. Lakoff, one of the most significant pioneers in this issue, distinguishes womens speech from mens speech in these striking features including the use of words related to their interests, empty adjectives, question intonation, hedges, hypercorrect grammar and superpolite forms (1975, p. 53-55). Based on Lakoffs commonsense beliefs and stereotypes about differences in the way of being polite between men and women in daily conversations, Montgomery concludes that womens speech is more polite than mens (1995, p. 151). This claim is supported by a great number of well-known empirical works. There is a substantial body of evidence supporting the view that, in general, womens linguistic behaviour can be broadly characterized as afliliative or cooperative, rather than competitive or control-oriented (Cameron (1985), Kalcik (1975), Smith (1985)) and as interactively facilitative and positive politeness-oriented (Holmes (1984b, 1986), Thorne, Kramarae and Henley (1983)) (as cited in Holmes, 1988, p. 451). In fact, every study makes a marked contribution in building an assumption on the difference between men and womens speech. In order to continue forming a clear sociolinguistic picture of gender differences in communications, this research is dedicated to a Vietnamese social setting. It will provide a profound study of whether female speakers are more polite than male speakers or not in foreign language centers. In this research, some linguistic politeness devices are focused to contribute to better understanding about dissimilarities in polite ways of talking between women and men. Methodology Based on the theoretical study in politeness-related differences between males and females, this project uses the noticeable findings as a data elicitation procedure to investigate the following question: To what extent do the male and female English learners from the foreign language center of Ho Chi Minh Technology University use similar or different politeness devices in daily conversations? Participants In this small-scale research, 50 male and 50 female speakers aged between 18 and 25 from the foreign language center are selected to answer some questions. The selection is carried out through the background questions in the first part of questionnaire given to 100 English learners at the foreign language center. All of chosen participants are native speakers of Vietnamese from different family, social and educational backgrounds. In details, the majority of objects are university students whose level is intermediate. They spend a lot of time studying English because they believe that a good command of English will provide a better chance of getting a good job in the future. Instruments The questionnaire used as the instrument for this project contains 3 opened-ended questions and 3 closed-ended questions. The reason why the questionnaire is used and there is no interview is that they can have more time to think about the answer and give response naturally in English. Most importantly, in this way, they can avoid losing their face when they encounter some confusing situations. First of all, the open-ended questions contain some common scenarios in day-by-day communication, namely making compliments and requests. In particular, every situation requires students to provide two responses in which one is for the same gender and the other is for the different sex. It is widely known that the level of politeness partly depends on many variables including age, social status, and relationship; therefore, two control settings are designed for aforementioned speech acts. Additionally, each part is set up to ask the participants to respond to friends or strangers. All the situations are divided into two main topics. Topic 1: Situation in which participants give a compliment. Topic 2: Situation in which participants ask a person to do a favor. Secondly, in the closed questions participants are asked to rate the level of politeness as well as the frequency of some functions according to their perceptions of using tag-questions and requesting in cross-sex conversations. These multiple-choice questions are created for categorizing and summarizing the results in any meaningful way. Procedures The data were gathered by employing questionnaire used to evaluate the participants politeness performances in their daily conversation. To strengthen the argument, each question asked them to write down their responses in either verbally or nonverbally. There is no time limitation so that they cannot suffer from the time pressure. Presentation and analysis of data After collecting the date, participants are classified into two main categories in terms of gender. One is the male group and the other is the female group. Next, under each group, their performance of politeness is analyzed in line with syntactic structure and lexical items among the same sex or different sex interlocutors. The result is gathered into three major parts, namely using tag-questions, complimenting, and making complaints. Tag questions It is widely acknowledged that the major grammar function of a tag question is seeking agreement from the listeners. Besides, tag questions are considered a kind of polite statement in which it does not force any agreement or belief on the addressees as in Lakoffs pioneering research, she concludes that womens speech sounds much more polite than mens in terms of linguistic forms like tag-questions and requests (p.17-19). Therefore, using tag questions is one of linguistic features which this research is primarily concerned to verify gender differences in politeness. The finding of question about the frequency of using tag-questions reveals that men tend to use more tags questions than women in communication. The number of male speakers who often use tag-questions doubles that of female speakers with 7 and 3 out of 30 respectively. Although the result is completely opposite to the description of womens speech given by Lakoff, one of the most significant pioneers in gender-difference research, that women have a tendency use more tag questions than men (1975, p. 53). However, it matches with Dubois and Crouchs surprising findings that in at least one genuine social context, men did, and women did not, use tag questions both formally and informally. In this context, the claim that tag questions signify an avoidance of commitment, and cause the speaker to give the impression of not being really sure of himself, of looking to the addressee for confirmation, even of having no views of his own, is open to serious doubt (1975, p. 294). A small number of people choose tag questions when interacting with other speakers is that they are not familiar with the structure of tag questions. For them, the grammatical rules are too complicated and various to acquire in a foreign language as it is a new terminology which does not exist in their first language. In fact, Zhang explains that mistakes arising in the process of learning English tag questions are caused by students incomplete application of rules. In order to produce some sentence structures, more than one rule should be used or a rule is used to some different degrees. But learners sometimes fail to understand or apply these rules completely. For example: She hardly plays with you, doesnt she? (does she) I never said she was wrong, didnt I? (did I) The learner knows the agreement rule of forming an English tag question. But when there are some words which denote negative without the word not, the learner has some difficulties in dealing with the whole sentence. Thus he produces the above sentences instead of correct ones. (2010, p. 580) Another reason for low level of frequency in using tag questions is the variation of intonations. In English, the intonation on the tag questions determines the function of the tag. In other words, communicators can change the meaning of a tag question with their pitch of voice. For instance, with rising intonation, tag questions sound like a real question. Notwithstanding, when the intonation falls they sound like a statement which does not require partners to give a real answer. If the tag is spoken with a rising intonation, as in a question, the function of the tag is much closer to that of an interrogative. The speaker indicates that he has made an assumption about the state of affairs but he is not sure as to the validity of that assumption. The listener is requested to indicate whether the assumption is valid. If the tag is spoken with a falling intonation, as in a declarative sentence, the speaker indicates that he has made an assumption and is requiring only confirmation of its validity from the listener (Mills, 1981, p. 643). In addition to the frequency of using tag questions, there is a big gap in the purpose male and female speakers use in daily conversation. The following table presents the result after investigating how similarly men and women use tag question. Function Men Women Expressing uncertainty 54% 30% Facilitative 23% 27% Softening 23% 43% It is clearly seen from the table that male and female interlocutors have completely different purpose in using tag questions. While numerous men use tag questions to signal doubt about what they are asserting and look forward to information confirmation, a large number of women consider them as facilitative devices and softening tools for negative comments. This finding is the same as Holmes summary in her research into tag questions as politeness devices. She identifies that women put more emphasis than men on the polite or affective functions of tags, using facilitative positive politeness devices. Men, on the other hand, use more tags for the expression of uncertainty (1992, p.320). This finding is mainly explained by the most widely-identified difference theory which reveals that men and women use language for different social purposes, having been socialized in different ways from earliest childhood (Edwards, 2009, p. 137). In his large-scale study, he clarifies that womens gossip traditionally focuses on personal relationships, experiences and problems in a generally supportive atmosphere. They consider the world as a network of connections and conversations as negotiations for closeness in which people seek support and reach consensus. Men, on the contrary, are more concerned with factual information, often in a competitive or combative format. They see the world in a hierarchical social order in which they are placed either up or down. For them, life is a contest and a struggle to achieve and maintain their power (Edwards, 2009, p. 137). Compliments In everyday life, there are a large number of speech acts we can use to show positive politeness like greetings, seeking agreements, avoiding disagreements, joking and showing sympathy. Among them, a compliment serves the function of not only positive politeness strategies but also potential face threatening acts (Holmes, 1988, p. 445). The questions four and five are designed with the intention of measuring how many politeness linguistic patterns both male and female speakers use when they pay their friends or a stranger a compliment. Response to friends Response to strangers From the two above bar charts, in general, women are more polite than men in paying and receiving compliments, which matches with Wardhaughs claim that women are reported to use more polite forms and more compliments than men (2010, p. 343). In details, in the scenario in which the participants is required to give a compliment on their same sex friends new clothes, the figure of female speakers choosing to compliment in an extremely polite way is four times more than that of male speakers. The percentage of the former is nearly 80% and the latter is 20%. They use some compliments such as It really looks good on you, doesnt it?, How pretty your dress is and What a pretty blouse youre wearing! as positive politeness devices. Another evidence is that when they compliment on a strangers a pair of shoes, men use less polite compliments than women to either the same sex or the opposite sex partner. The dominance theory is one of most significant explanations of the commonly held belief that women are more polite than men in cross-sex conversations. The relationship between gender-related difference in politeness and power has been investigated for the past a few decades. After OBarr and Atkins (1980) explore the complexity of the aforementioned relationship, they find out that the different language features particularly politeness strategies between males and females are related to the status rather than the sex of the speaker. They indicate that more females use polite linguistic forms than males in everyday interaction because they are more likely to be in lower-status positions (as cited in Kendall Tannen, 2003, p. 549). Thus, in the society women wish to gain higher status; for example social class, occupation, etc. by using more standard language and more polite forms in day-by-day conversations. As a result, they become more aware of the importance of linguistic politen ess in maintaining communication. In a word, higher speaker power will be associated with lower level of politeness. However, it is interesting to find that male participants use as many politeness linguistic strategies as females when they have a cross-sex conversation with both friends and strangers. It means that men tend to compliment more politely to women than to men. In addition to the belief that womens self-esteem is lower; hence, their face needs to be protected, females are more nurturant, more emotional, and more sensitive to the needs of others than males (Bern, Eagly, Piliavin and Unger, as cited in Durkin, 1995, p. 456). That is the reason why male participants pay much more attention to their use of words and speak more politely when having a talk with female partners in order to avoid the risk of hurting their feelings. In this case, gender plays an indispensible part in the choice of polite language forms. Requests Most sociolinguists remarkably appreciate the role of indirect requests in building up the politeness in conversation. Ervin and Tripp, for instance, illustrate that it is useful for speakers to use indirect interrogative requests because they give listeners an out by explicitly stating some condition which would make compliance impossible (as cited in Saeed, 2003, p. 234). In terms of requests, from the above data, not only female participants but also male interlocutors prefer using indirect and polite structures so as to reduce the risk of threatening the addressees negative face. Will you please close the door?, Wont you close the door? and I wonder if you could be so kind as to close the window are used by over 60% of men and women when they are required to ask a person to do a favor. The finding is partly against the general agreement that female communicators use more superpolite forms than male ones. This result offers some new insights into how gender influences the way men and women uses politeness strategies. Therefore, a new way of studying the gender difference in politeness-related linguistics is found in the 1990s. Many recent sociolinguists appreciate the social constructivist approach in explaining the variation of politeness behavior between men and women. A social constructivist approach shifts the emphasis to language as a dynamic resource used to construct particular aspects of social identity at different points in an interaction. Social categories are not fixed but are subject to constant change; talk itself actively creates different styles and constructs different social contexts and social identities as it proceeds. (Holmes, 2001, p. 14565) Additionally, in her research, Goodwin view activities rather than society as the relevant unit for the analysis of the data. She concludes that stereotypes about womens speech fall apart when talk is arranged in a range of activities. In order to construct social personae appropriate to the events of the moment, the same individuals articulate talk and gender differently as they move from one activity to another (1990, p. 9). In other words, speakers do not hold the same communication style across a wide range of activities. For example, a woman may choose linguistic forms which can contribute to the construction of a more feminine identity in a romantic date. Nonetheless, in a meeting in the role of a chairwoman, she will linguistically construct a powerful identity. When interacting with her children at home, she may use linguistic devices with the intention of creating a maternal identity. Therefore, the way speakers use structures to construct proper events changes in their comm unication activities. Criteria It can be clearly seen from the table that it is the relationship between the communicators that affects how politely participants speak, not the gender difference. Both men and women claim that they will take the relationship into consideration when they make a request (the figure of the former is 56% and that of the latter is 67%). The closer the relationship is, the more direct their request is. Their answer is supported by Samovar, Porter and McDaniels conclusion in their 2009 work. They find out that the closer the relationship between two persons, the less the power differential between them and smaller the magnitude of imposition the less likely it is that they will employ conversational indirectness (2009, p. 173). The implication in a language classroom All the results of this small-scale study not only confirm the previous findings discovered by numerous celebrated sociolinguists but also reveal some new findings from Vietnamese foreign language classrooms. These interesting findings about the differences in politeness use between male and female learners lead to some implications for the process of language teaching and learning. The first implication centres on the acquisition of tag questions in classrooms. From the survey, a great number of Vietnamese students whose level is intermediate or even advanced hardly use tag questions although they can adequately manipulate the form, usage as well as intonation when they are required to do so. Therefore, as an English teacher, a well-prepared presentation and a lot of intensive exercises and drills should be used in order to get students to apply them to real life situations. Besides the basic rules, some exceptions and complications should be introduced to learners so that they give a correct form of tag questions in no matter what conversation they have. More importantly, educators should help students recognize the importance of this grammar points in communication. Whenever learners know that tag questions are regarded as an extremely useful tool in daily conversations regardless of their complexity in the forms, meanings and intonations, they prefer using tag questions more often. For example, tag questions are not normal questions which are used for asking new information but powerful devices for addressers to confirm certain information, express uncertainty, facilitate and soften negative comments. Last but not least, owing to the complicated system of tag questions, Beardsmore (1970) recommends that the teaching should be undertaken from an easy to more difficult stage. The difficulties come on three levels including form, meaning, and intonation. To achieve a positive use of tags, the teaching should pay more attention to basic patterns and leave some anomalies to the end (p. 18). Another implication for English teaching and learning comes from the new results in complimenting and requesting. It cannot be denied that the gender difference plays an important part in selecting appropriate polite forms; nevertheless, there are other criteria such as age, social status, culture and relationship which communicators should bear in mind before making up their mind to use a certain politeness strategy. Accordingly, in their 1985 book, Tillitt and Bruder advise that in many cultures it is considered inappropriate to compliment babies while in the U.S it is common to say What a cute baby!. Moreover, when you are invited to a dinner in an English family, the host is happy to hear that you appreciate the food. Hence, you should compliment the food no matter how delicious the real food is. However, you do not need to compliment each dish separately. You can give a general compliment which is followed by a s specific one. For example, the meal was delicious, especially the lamb (p. 68). Additionally, based on many ELT researches into communicative approaches, Canale and Swain summarize that communicative competence consists of three components like grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence and strategic competence. In their well-known work Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches, they write: In view of Chomskys (1965) strong claim that competence is to be associated exclusively with knowledge of rules of grammar, both Hymes (1972) and Campbell and Wales (1970) propose a broader notion of competence, that of communicative competence. This notion is intended by them to include not only grammatical competence (or implicit and explicit knowledge of the rules of grammar) but also contextual or sociolinguistic competence (knowledge of the rules of language use). Furthermore, Hymes (1972) explicitly and Campbell and Wales (1970) implicitly adopt the distinction between communicative competence and performance, where this latter notion refers to actual use (as cited in Canale Swain, 1980, p. 4) Therefore, I strongly suggest that the procedure of teaching and learning either compliments or requests consists of three following steps: Teaching and learning some possible patterns used in compliments and requests in line with the scale of politeness (from less polite to more polite and then to superpolite) Teaching and learning sociolinguistic competence of these patterns. Practising these patterns in real life exercise so that learners can get used to the patterns. As a result, they can use these politeness devices naturally. Lets take a clear illustration. Firstly, teachers ought to provide learners with the knowledge of requests especially the importance of indirectness of requests in maintaining politeness. For instance, the function, whom to request, what to request, how to request and how to reply to a request need to be presented in various situations in daily life. Next, social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately should be given for Vietnamese learners to acquire sociolinguistic competence. In this way, they can know when to use some superpolite forms or when to use less formal language. After that, they are given some authentic drills to practice how to give and reply to a request appropriately. Conclusion In summary, this paper gives a view on politeness gender difference between Vietnamese male and female learners. The findings make a positive contribution in portraying the picture of both similarity and difference in the way men and women use polite language. It can be concluded that women are not always more polite than men in Vietnamese context. Many interesting insights; for example, the gender of the listeners is one of crucial factors influencing polite behaviors of the speakers are found in this research. Besides, language educators can know that Vietnamese students see politeness as an effective way to avoid conflicts and to save face in conversations. Lastly, Vietnamese leaners politeness strategies change with the relationship between addressers and addressees. In this case, gender becomes less significant factor affecting the change of interlocutors politeness strategies. Thanks to the result of this paper, language planners can know more about their leaners communicative competence especially in using politeness linguistic devices in the process of language teaching and learning. Gender Differences in Politeness Gender Differences in Politeness From my experience and observation in teaching English in a great number of mixed-gender classes, there is a big gap in the way men and women use a certain language. For example, when both male and female students are asked to discuss one particular topic, men interrupt women more often than women do. The differences lead me to the wonder whether or not there is a correlation between language and gender. In fact, differences in the way men and women use a certain language have been of interest in the study of sociolinguistics. Therefore, there has been an upsurge in discussions, seminars, journals and researches in gender-related differences. A lot of issues such as word choice, syntax and so on have been taken into account so as to portray how dissimilar men and women use a language. Not understanding gender differences when interacting in either formal or informal situations will result in communication breakdowns. In order to communicate effectively, communicators need to make use of some appropriate politeness strategies as speakers always hope to obtain the respect from the counterparts. Hence, based on a great number of theoretical bases and empirical studies, my paper examines gender differences in conversations in in terms of politeness. My review comprises four sections. The first part looks at the definition and the function of politeness. There is an analysis and synthesis of differences in the way men and women use politeness strategies in the second section. From some explanations for these differences in section three, I suggest some implications for teachers to help learners to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation in conversations by using politeness techniques in the teaching process. The definition, genres and strategies of politeness A multitude of researches on politeness have been carried out to explore and expand the classic sociolinguistic work of Brown and Levinson (1987), who state that it is important to avoid causing offence in communication by showing deference to other interlocutors. They consider deferential responses as forms of politeness to avoid communication breakdown between individuals (as cited in Meyerhoff, 2006, p. 84). From the above definition, I assume that the focus of politeness is on the hearer. In this way, tactful consideration of other peoples feeling assists to avoid some potential conflicts, to gain better understanding and then to achieve effective communication. Conversely, modern linguists consider politeness as proper social behavior. In ordinary language use, according to Geyer (2008), politeness is associated with civil or well-mannered behavior and with social attributes such as good upbringing, status and formal etiquette. In addition, Watts (2003) adds his idea to validate the current conceptualization of politeness. Politeness is not something we are born with, but something we have to and be socialized into, and of politeness are available (p. 10-11). Accordingly, Holmes suggests that making decisions about what is or is not considered polite in any community involves assessing social relationships along the dimensions of social distance or solidarity and relative power or status (Holmes, 1992, p. 297). In order to be linguistically polite, communicators should choose some proper expressions which show the degree of social distance and the status difference. Based on two aforementioned dimensions, politeness is classified into two different genres. Positive politeness which is solidarity oriented emphasizes shared attitudes and values while negative politeness involves expressing oneself appropriately in terms of social distance and respecting status differences (Holmes, 1992, p.297). In terms of the social significance especially politic behavior, Lakoff (1989) distinguishes three kinds of politeness: (1) polite behavior, which is manifest when interlocutors adhere to politeness rules, whether expected or not; (2) non-polite behavior, amounting to non-conforming with politeness rules where conformity is not expected; and (3) rude behavior, where politeness is not conveyed even though it is expected. (as cited in Kasper, 1990, p.208) It is advisable to use some proper strategies in order to maintain politeness between speakers and listeners in the conversation. Following the above notion of politeness, Brown and Levinson (1987) point out that some linguistic strategies need to be realized in language to minimize the risk of losing face. They outline four main super-strategies such as bald on-record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and off-record. Firstly, bald on-record strategies used in situations where the speaker has a close relationship with the addressee are direct and unmitigated. The next strategy is positive politeness one which is often utilized to make the hearer comfortable when communicators know each other rather well including using in-group identity makers, seeking agreement, joking, and raising common ground. In contrast, negative politeness strategies are chosen to avoid imposition on the audience through distancing styles like giving deference, hedging, questioning rather than asserti ng, and apologizing. Lastly, off-record or the indirect strategy explores conversational implicatures by using hints and involving irony. For example, a speaker may use a proverb A penny saved is a penny earned to serve as criticism You are always spending a lot of money instead of a piece of advice You should save money (p. 91- 227). Some politeness variations between men and women Differences in the ways that men and women use politeness language strategies have been one of the most important research subjects in sociolinguistic. Lakoff is one of the most significant scholars of gender-difference research for the past forty years. Her 1975 study into language and womans place plays a key role in launching the issue of gender-related differences in politeness. In her influential research, she concludes that womens speech sounds much more polite than mens sound in terms of linguistic forms like tag-questions and requests (p.17-19). In other words, in conversation females are more likely to use politeness strategies in their speech than males. One aspect of politeness strategies is that the speaker should not impose a viewpoint on other people. Thus a tag-question is a kind of polite statement in that it does not force agreement or belief on the addressees. Using tag-questions is a special linguistic feature of gender differences in politeness. Holmes agrees that in general the women use more tags than the men, as Lakoff predicts. She summarizes her findings in the following table after she carries out a research into a sixty-thousand word corpus containing equal amounts of female and male speech collected in a range of matched contexts. On the contrary, as it is clearly seen in the result that Holmes identifies that men and women do not use tag questions for the same purpose. Women put more emphasis than men on the polite or affective functions of tags, using facilitative positive politeness devices. Men, on the other hand use more tags for the expression of uncertainty (1992, p.320). In fact, women tend to consider tag questions as an indicator of politeness while men use them to express uncertainty in colloquial situations. The different conversational strategies of men and women can be analyzed in terms of compliments to demonstrate that women tend to be more polite than men. Like tag questions, compliments are regarded as exemplary positive politeness strategies as the apparently main function of compliments is to consolidate the solidarity between participants. The remarkable gender difference in politeness is the way women and men use compliments. From the obvious data given by Holmes (1988), it is clearly seen that women give and receive significantly more compliments than men do. Holmes does not only focus on the frequency of complimenting patterns but also the purpose men and women use compliments. Her study finds out that women generally perceive compliments as positively affective speech acts, while men may perceive them differently (Holmes, 1988, p. 451). This claim is supported by many well-known empirical works. There is a substantial body of evidence supporting the view that, in general, womens linguistic behaviour can be broadly characterized as afliliative or cooperative, rather than competitive or control-oriented (Cameron (1985), Kalcik (1975), Smith (1985)) and as interactively facilitative and positive politeness-oriented (Holmes (1984b, 1986), Thorne, Kramarae and Henley (1983)). Linguists describe womens contributions to interaction as other-oriented, and then come to conclusion that women regard compliments as positive politeness devices. Therefore, the assumption that women use more compliments than men is consistent with this orientation. (as cited in Holmes, 1988, p. 451) While many linguistic studies on gender and language agree with the hypothesis concerning that women are more polite than men, there are also some researchers who disagree. Based on the data drawn from voice mail messages in a legal setting, Hobbs argues that the frequency of male speakers negative politeness markers is roughly equal to that of womens whereas men prefers to use more positive politeness techniques than women (Hobbs, 2003, p.243). Hobbs collected 22 informational messages of which 11 were gathered from the males and 11were from the females to analyze the dissimilarities in the way men and women use politeness strategies. The findings indicate that the general claim about women being more polite than men turns out to be incorrect in the legal voice mail messages. Positive politeness strategies such as compliments, joking, claiming reciprocity, etc. were used almost exclusively by male speakers; only one female speaker used any of these strategies. Moreover, positive politeness was used only by attorneys; five of the six male attorneys, as well as the sole female attorney, used positive politeness in their voice mail messages. (Hobbs, 2003, p. 249) The research analysis mainly falls into two kinds of politeness including positive and negative ones. In contrast with positive politeness strategies which are used by the majority of male speakers, the 2003 study of Hobbs reports that men and women use an equal number of negative politeness strategies in their voice mail messages. Such strategies as thanking, taking blame and apologizing, softening the force of requests are frequently used by both male and female lawyers. (p. 252) Why women and men use differ in the way they use politeness strategies The commonly held belief that women are more polite than men in cross-sex conversations has been well documented in range of linguistic features from tag-questions to directives. This assumption enables innumerable scholars to undertake a number of researches to explain why this difference exists. Some researchers argue that innate biological differences account for gender differences in politeness while others place an emphasis differential distribution of power between men and women in society. First of all, dominance perspective is used to interpret gender variations in politeness. After OBarr and Atkins (1980) explore the complexity of the relationship between gender and language concerning with polite strategies, they find out that more females use polite linguistic forms than males in everyday interaction because they are more likely to be in lower-status positions.(as cited in Schiffrin, Deborah Heidi, 2003, p.549) Moreover, Edwards (2009) concurs that most explanations centre on womens allegedly greater status-consciousness. If women in the society are more status-conscious than men, they may wish to gain status by using more standard forms and polite strategies. Therefore, they are more aware of the social significance of linguistic politeness variables to make their speech a sort of surrogate status. If womens and mens speech differs because the status of the genders differs, then it is clear that large social issues of power and subordination are involved. As a subordinate social role implies less freedom of movement, greater insecurity, uncertainty and lack of confidence, womens speech is expected to be more polite than mens speech (p. 134-135). In fact, it is necessary for women to secure their social status linguistically especially through the use of politeness strategies. Thanks to politeness strategies in daily conversations, women avoid straightforward statements as politeness involv es an absence of a strong statement, and womens speech is devised to prevent the expression of strong statements (Lakoff, 1975, p. 19). Another answer to the questions why the way men and women use polite strategies varies is associated with the difference approach. This philosophy is mainly based on gender socialization. According to Edwards (2009), a great number of noticeable analyses of gender differences in speech reveal that womens features especially using greater politeness forms imply more about genuine facilitative and supportive desires than about insecurity and lack of confidence. In other words, men and women may use language for different social purposes, having been socialised in different ways from their early childhood. Women are traditionally expected to focus on personal relationships, experiences and problems in a supportive atmosphere in which networking is a key whereas men are more concerned with factual information often in a combative context. (p. 137) It can be clearly seen that two above theoretical explanations of gender-related differences in politeness are influenced from diverse philosophies. However, Weatherall (2002) discovers the connection of two assumptions by giving an obvious illustration. The interactional styles of women and men as co-operative and competitive, respectively, have also been viewed as reflecting mens powerful social position relative to women. Being polite and co-operative is likely to be most effective at promoting positive interactions for those who hold little power. (p. 80) Although these explanations come from two different strands of thinking, they have the same goal that is why in cross-sex interactions, polite strategies are used by more women than men. However, they are not an explanatory factor for Hobbs finding from his research. His surprising findings are elucidated by the social constructionist approaches. A social constructionist approach shifts the emphasis to language as a dynamic resource used to construct particular aspects of social identity at different points in an interaction. Social categories are not fixed but are subject to constant change; talk itself actively creates different styles and constructs different social contexts and social identities as it proceeds. (Holmes, 2001, p. 14565) For example, a woman may select linguistic forms contributing to the construction of a more feminine identity in a romantic dinner. Nevertheless, in a meeting she will linguistically construct a powerful identity, for she is a chairwoman. When interacting with her children at home, she may use linguistic forms so as to build a maternal identity. Therefore, the way members of a society use structures to construct proper events changes across the communication activities. The implication in a language classroom It is widely acknowledged that understanding the different polite patterns which women and men typically use makes speakers to achieve more effective communication. The fact that interlocutors make fewer attempts to involve politeness in daily conversations because they have been taught not to expect participation!, Stereotyping can have intense negative effects, especially The conception of gender-differentiated politeness use leads to some implications for language teaching and learning. The first implication for foreign and second language classroom centres on social power awareness. As an educator, we had better reduce the role gap between men and women by selecting materials that represent identity groups more equally, by reorganizing classroom interaction so that all students have the opportunity to talk and demonstrate achievement in their everyday conversations regardless of gender (McKay Hornberger, 1996, p. 261). Another implication for teaching focuses on gender difference in stereotype rather than on so-called dominance approach. Because womens interactional style is absolutely different from mens, the interaction between teachers and females students differs from males. While men consider conversations as negotiations to compete women regard as a social network to gain support. It is difference in interactional styles that teachers should take into account when they perform, monitor and conduct one certain activity in class. Due to their opposite viewpoint, teachers had better balance the number of male and female students when they ask students to cooperate to fulfill one task. A group of men is likely to be over-competitive whereas a women group tends to be more supportive. As a result, there will be an imbalance of arguments in a discussion or debate. Last but not least, teachers should design some tasks related to gender-related differences in politeness so that students can acknowledge what kind of polite linguistic form they use in a cross sex communications. It will result in a more effective interaction in their real life. Teachers help students to realize that stereotypes of womens speech cannot stay the same style from one activity to another activity. The question is that how and when male speech and female speech are similar or different depends on the conversational contexts, not gender. Conclusion As a result of womens liberation movements, researches on gender and language in politeness started dramatically in 1970s. During the past several decades, many investigators examine politeness variations between women and men in daily interactions. Based on many well-known studies of gender-specific language, this literature review leaps to the conclusion that women tend to be more polite than men through a range of differences in tag-questions, compliments, etc. Most of these linguistic forms are used by more females than males to maintain politeness in cross-sex conversations. Notwithstanding, there are some oppositions to this belief in sociolinguistics. Many researches into language and gender in term of politeness rely on three distinct approaches including dominance approach, difference approach social constructionist approach to give an explanation for these discrepancies. In summary, I have explored politeness variations between men and women and questioned the validity of the assumption that womens speech is more polite than mens. In an attempt to determine the truth of this statement I have concluded that in daily conversations, politeness is regarded as a social lubricant which helps to create rapport. Knowing the differences in polite behavior between men and women can be very helpful to achieve effective communication as well as to enhance relationship. Therefore, politeness plays an indispensible in todays modern world in which a lot of interactions take place at both personal and business-related level. rascohusain85http://www.blogger.com/profile/03217755139067331260noreply@blogger.com0